Lwc1 Flashdb Free Essays

string(302) was the Clean Air Act passed? 1963 What year was the Clean Water Act passed? 1977 What are the elective question goals techniques? *Arbitration †third nonpartisan gathering hears the two sides and settles on a coupling choice, conceivable honor, no disclosure, no class activity, no pulic data of outcome. What is the meaning of an agreement? An understanding between at least two gatherings for the doing or not doing of something determined. Depict the different sorts of agreements. 1) Bilateral and Unilateral 2) Express and Implied 3) Executory and Executed What components does an agreement should be enforceable? 1) Agreement 2) Legality 3) Consideration 4) Capacity What components would comprise a release of an agreement? 1) Material penetrate 2) Minor break 3) Anticipatory penetrate 4) Mutual Rescission 5) Accord/Satisfaction What is a respective agreement? The two gatherings make a guarantee. We will compose a custom article test on Lwc1 Flashdb or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now What is a one-sided contract? One gathering make a guarantee that the other party can acknowledge just by accomplishing something. ex. I’ll give you $10 to cut my yard. If not cut no $10. What is an express agreement? Two gatherings express exceedingly significant terms of their understanding. ex. Where, when, how much, oral or composed. What is a suggested agreement? Words and direct of the gatherings show that they expected an understanding. What is an executory contract? At the point when at least one gatherings have not satisfied its commitments. What is an executed agreement? When all gatherings have satisfied their commitments? In the event that there is a breech of contact, what cures are accessible? Injuction †A request compelling somebody to accomplish something or avoid accomplishing something. Desire Damages/Restitution †$ required to put on party in the position she would have been had the opposite side played out the agreement. Explicit Performance †In instances of uncommon property court requested to finish the arrangement. Reconstruction †Court will revise contract. Portray kinds of satisfactory performace of an agreement. Exacting Performance Substantial Performance What are the Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts? Sherman Act of 1890 †first national law to manage rivalry. Clayton Act of 1914 explained the Sherman Act. What are the key arrangements of the Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts? *Prohibits all understandings that will â€Å"restrain trade† (Sherman) *Bans â€Å"monopolies† (Sherman) *Prohibits anticompetitive mergers (Clayton) *Tying courses of action (Clayton) *Exclusive dealings (Clayton) *Bans value separation †illicit to charge various costs to various buyers. (Robinson-Pattman Act 1936 a correction to Clayton - ) Describe the assortment of forceful business activities that are unlawful and infringement of antitrust guidelines. Syndication - having a restraining infrastructure isn't illicit; utilizing awful acts to get or keep up one is. Ruthless Pricing †bringing costs beneath cost down to drive contenders out. Tying Arrangements †selling items on the condition the purchaser buys an alternate (or tied) item. Contolling wholesalers or retailers (Retail value support) How is purchaser credit managed? Through the Truth in Lending Act What government guidelines apply to customer item wellbeing? *Federal food, medicate, restorative act *Food quality insurance act What is the job of the Environmental Protection Agency? Screen and secure the air, water and land polution. . . What prerequisites were determined by the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914? Out of line or misleading acts or practices. What is where a legitimate understanding is said to have occured? mean to contract List the kinds of breech of agreements. Material Breach Minor Breach Anticipatory Breach Mutual Rescission Accord/Satisfaction What is an express guarantee? Vender makes with words or activities that products fulfill certain guidelines. Made three different ways: Affirmation of a reality or guarantee, Description of the merchandise, or test or model. What is an inferred guarantee? Made by UCC code itself, not by a demonstration or articulation of the dealer. What is a disclaimer? An explanation that a specific guarantee doesn't make a difference. What are the restrictions on solutions for penetrate of guarantee and item obligation? Restriction of Remedy Clause †Parties may restrain or prohibit typical cures allowed. What is carelessness? Seller’s lead absurd. Infringement of a standard of care set by rule. How does carelessness apply to a producer? Careless Design Negligent Manufacturing Failure to Warn What are the kinds of guarantees? Suggested, Express, Implied Warranty of Fitness, Warranty of Merchantiability. What is exacting obligation? A tort precept holding to an extremely exclusive expectation each one of the individuals who take part in ultrahazardous exercises. (ie explosives) OR who make certain items. What are the safeguards accessible to an activity for carelessness? Contributory Negligence †If the plantiff is even somewhat careless she recuperates nothing. Similar Negligence †Plantiff may for the most part recuperate regardless of whether she was in part dependable. What are the safeguards accessible or an activity for exacting obligation? None †a respondent taking part in a ultrahazardous action is practically consistently at risk for any mischief that outcomes. Rundown the cures accessible. Compensatory Damages †stream straightforwardly from contract. Weighty Damages †result from the one of a kind conditions of the specific harmed party. (Recoverable just if penetrating gathering ought to have predicted them). Accidental Damages †Minor costs a harmed party brings about reacting to a penetrate. What are the fundamental arrangements of the Sarbanes †Oxley Act? *Created an open organization bookkeeping oversight board *Revising reviewer autonomy rules *Revising corporate administration gauges *Increasing criminal punishments for infringement What are the privileges of the investors? Right to data †including minute book, bookkeeping records, and investor records. *Right to cast a ballot *Right to Dissent *Right to assurance from different investors. What plan of action do sharholders have against companies if investor rights are damaged? Subsidiary Lawsuits †Shareholders sue partnership, however harms go to organiz ation. *Direct claims *Class Action What are the key arrangements of the Securities Act of 1933? Prior to offering or selling protections, the backer must enroll the protections with the SEC, except if the protections fit the bill for an exclusion. What are the exposure necessities of the Securities Act of 1933? Beginning point by point data proclamation when the organization first registers. How did Sarbanes †Oxley change the exposure prerequisites of the Securities Act of 1933? Added to the 1934 Securities Act by requiring CEO and CFO to ensure that: *The data in the quarterly and yearly reports are valid. *The organization has successful interior controls. *The officials have educated the company’s review panel and it evaluators of any worries that they have about the inside control framework. What year did the Sarbanes †Oxley Act pass? 2002 How might you characterize business morals? The investigation of how individuals should act. What is associated with building up a moral culture in an association? Chiefs setting the model and preparing. What year was the Clean Air Act passed? 1963 What year was the Clean Water Act passed? 1977 What are the elective question goals strategies? *Arbitration †third impartial gathering hears the two sides and settles on a coupling choice, conceivable honor, no disclosure, no class activity, no pulic data of result. You read Lwc1 Flashdb in classification Paper models *Mediation †Neutral gathering persuaded two contesting parties toward volunatry settlement. No choice made by middle person. *Negotiation †List the kinds of courts. State Courts = Trial Courts Government Courts = Trial Courts and Specialty courts (insolvency, charge, and so on) Appelate Courts = Describe the National Labor Relations Act of 1935. Otherwise called Wagner Act. 1) Created NLR Board to authorize work laws. 2) Prohibits managers from punishing laborers who take part in association movement. 3) Requires bosses to deal â€Å"in great faith† with associations. Descirbe what COBRA is, and when was it passed? Combined Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act went in 1985. Rule gives that previous representatives be permitted to proceed with medical coverage for year and a half in the wake of finding employment elsewhere. Portray what the Fair Labor Standards Act is and when it passed? Controls wages and cutoff points youngster work. Gone in 1938. 1. 5 time paid for additional time. Youngsters under 14 may just work in rural and diversion. 14-15 constrained hours after school. 16-17 boundless hours in non-unsafe. Descirbe what comprises illegitimate release under the law. Unfair release disallows a business from terminating a laborer for a terrible explanation. They fall into three classifications. 1) open approach †precludes business from terminating somebody for an explanation that disregards fundamental social rights, obligations, and duties. ) contract law-composed or oral guarantees made during the employing procedure can be enforceable. Representative handbook makes an agreement. 3) tort law †criticism; giving a bogus or horrible reference about a previous worker, or â€Å"Intentional Infliction of Emotion Distress †bosses who support unfeeling treatment of their representatives face obligation under tort of purposeful curse of passionate pain. Clarify the duties of OSHA. Holds businesses to a working environment â€Å"free from perceived perils that are causing or liable to make passing or genuine injury representatives. Reviews working environments to guarantee that they are protected. Portray the primary concerns of the Americans with Disabilites Act of 1990. The ADA precludes managers from separating based on inability as long as could be expected under the circumstances, with sensible accomodation, pe

What an American Is Essay example -- Papers America Character Patrioti

What an American Is Webster?s Dictionary characterizes American as or its occupants. Be that as it may, is that all America and an American genuinely is? Is an individual American just on account of geology? As indicated by Identities, ?America is a conversion of societies.? Americans are individuals whose lives portray people who are attempting to be as effective and powerful as could be expected under the circumstances, this mission is emblematic to residents of numerous different nations. This is the reason America outlines the Statue of Liberty, a structure that represents opportunity all through the world. America is made out of these people groups, however the way of life and the lifestyles of these individuals. The Statue of Liberty represents a valiant and incredible figure. Steinbeck concurs that Americans are brave when he composes, ?Americans appear to live and inhale and work by mystery.? Americans are courageous and hazard taking, investing energy and cash doing things like skydiving, bungijumping, and other outrageous games. Disregarding as a rule the hazard factors associated with such exercises, accepting that nothing will turn out badly, that it will happen consummately and faultlessly. This is a characteristic that numerous Americans have the decline to accept that they are at serious risk. Most Americans accept that despite the fact that the appendage they are on is powerless, it?s sufficient for their security needs. Americans day by day schedules are can likewise be portrayed as daring. A valid example for some is the drive to and from work. A great many people speed and drive forcefully on the grounds that they generally are in a rush. Americans have being flawless drives, fo r example, and never committing errors. The Statue of Liberty can likewise be depicted as bold. The Statue of Liberty is the thing that a great many people consider when asked what represents... ...s. In the event that America plays out a positive activity in an outside nation or locally, Americans are satisfied with the legislature. Americans likewise secure annoyance when the administration does an activity that residents don't support of. Nonetheless, Americans are spoken to in their administration and have a decision, since America is a country work around the possibility of opportunity. The Statue of Liberty is the wellspring of this thought of opportunity. All in all, America is a gigantic country of individuals who are to making a decent attempt to be as fruitful as could reasonably be expected, similarly as the ladies that the Statue of Liberty embodies. The Statue of Liberty truly implies Statue of Freedom, and that is the most exact definition an American can have. An American is a free individual who is given the option to carry on with his/her existence without mediation. The Statue of Liberty represents this opportunity to numerous Americans.

Management Buyout Guide (MBO) Definition, Process, Criteria, Funding Options, Pros Cons

Management Buyout Guide (MBO) Definition, Process, Criteria, Funding Options, Pros Cons It is safe to say that owning and running a private business is every manager’s ultimate goal. However, the world is becoming more complex and competitive than ever, and such a goal is becoming increasingly difficult to achieve.Management Buy-Outs have become one of the most popular and financially rewarding methods for running a business, because it’s solely based on upgrading your position from an employee to a fully functioning manager and a stake holder in your own company.Not only do you avoid the hassle of starting a business from scratch, but you also get to run a business that you are familiar with and genuinely interested in. This guide will provide you with the definition, the process guide, the feasibility criteria as well as the funding options for a successful MBO.WHAT IS A MANAGEMENT BUY-OUT (MBO)?A Management Buy-Out is a transaction through which the management team of a certain company, who don’t necessarily own a share of the company, purchases the assets and the operations of the company they’re managing. This is particularly tempting for investors because of the potential rewards of having their own business instead of filling an employee position.In addition, such an investment provides the manager with job security in a business he is most familiar with. A Management Buy-Out is perhaps every manager’s dream: to own their own business. This applies mostly to employees who spend ten or even fifteen years working for a certain company and accumulating experience in a certain field.It is only natural to pursue owning their own private business and applying their own strategies to the market . Consequently, it becomes more convenient to build up equity and acquire the company they’re worked  at and avoid the hassle of starting a new business from scratch.MBOs are also extremely convenient for the seller as an exit strategy. Large corporations take advantage to sell divisions of their company that are not necessarily dealing with the scope of their business, aren’t creating much revenue, or simply are of no interest to the shareholders anymore.In this case, such a transaction is a win-win situation, where corporations sell these divisions to the management team most familiar with their operations (the exiting management team).THE MBO PROCESS STEP BY STEPBefore we get to the funding options for MBOs later in this guide, it is important to investigate how such transactions are undertaken.Given the fact that, in the case of an MBO, the existing management team is unlikely to have enough money to buy the entire company immediately, the management team usually resorts to bank loans.However, the management team is required to buy at least part of the company outright and lean on banks to finance the rest. Banks are rather reluctant in such investments due to the huge risk, and often require that the management team put much of their personal valuable assets at risk. Source: Michelmores MBO GuideThe above figure shows how the company could be acquired through debt buying over a period of time. Such approach to acquiring the company puts huge pressure on the investors. The management team has to simultaneously work on the repayment of debt with interest rate as well as managing the company’s operations and elevating its value.This is the common approach to an MBO, and it is definitely a risky one for both the equity investors and the banks. However, funding options will be discussed later in detail in this guide, to explore the alternative options available to investors seeking an MBO.Judging from the scale of the investment, such transactions usually take up to 6 months till completion. However, this estimate assumes that an MBO management team has already been gathered, and the topic has been raised and approved by the owners of the company. If not, then it might take up to several years to make such preparations.Given the size of the investme nt, recruiting a management team that is willing to take the risk might take a bit of time. Negotiations with the owners of the company might also take a bit longer than expected. Having funders before even raising the idea could be problematic. Each MBO is different. But once consent is established, the transaction itself takes approximately 6 months to completion.ActionOneTwoThreeFourFiveSixIdentify the opportunityxIdentify management teamxAppoint professional advisorsxFeasibility assessmentxVendor negotiationsxFinancial modelling and structuringxxPrepare a business planxFundraisingxxxFinancial vendor negotiationsxDue diligencexLegal documentationsxxxProject management to finalisationxxManage the businessxxxxxxSource: Bishop Fleming MBO GuideThe figure above shows the timeline of the process and the estimated time intervals for each step. As shown, the first five steps represent spotting the opportunity and raising the topic. The remaining steps constitute most of the schedule. It is important to know that with everything going on, the management team still needs to manage the business while simultaneously negotiating the deal.The following steps are the most essential steps throughout the MBO process:InitiationAppointment of a Lead AdvisorA corporate finance advisor is almost essential to assist the management throughout the deal. The fees for the advisor can sometimes be split between the company and the management team. The advisor needs to have credentials and great experience in MBOs to be able to properly assist the management in the process.It is the advisor’s job to constantly check if the management’s plan is still viable throughout different stages of the deal. An advisor can and probably should represent the management when dealing with the company whether on a legal level or not.Some of the key services that an experienced advisor can provide are:Objective evaluation of the dealHandling negotiations with the companyAssist with funding options Project management of the entire processApproach the SellerNow that an advisor has finally been appointed and informed with the objectives of the deal and the goal outcomes, it is time to approach the seller. This is also a key step through which an advisor can help greatly by giving tips and advantage points in negotiations.An advisor can help by simulating possible talking points that the management (who is not necessarily familiar with negotiations on such a huge level) might not have in mind. Having the advisor lead the negotiations is a very valid option, and approach the seller with a mutually beneficial deal is key for negotiations.Trying to undermine the value of the assets will only cause problems along the way, if not with the seller, then with the performance of the company when bought.Agree with SellerThis is when negotiations actually take place and agreements on payments and strategies are laid out. It’s important as an investor to not be emotional when disagreements occur, and they probably will.Remaining composed and professional in conducting such as a huge investment always gives the impressions that you, the management, are dedicated and serious in your conduct.It is important to remember that if the negotiations don’t go as planned, the manager might return to his position as an employee in the company, and having such conflicts hanging in the air might make the work environment tense.Preparation of Information Memorandum by the Vendor’s Lead AdviserAn information memorandum (IM) is a document presented by the company to potential investors to give an overview of the company. It is more of a marketing tool than a legal document.Still, companies are obliged by law to present an IM to potential investors in more than 20 countries. As an investor, you should expect the company to present an IM when you show interest in buying out the company. This helps you understand the potential risks and rewards.It is still important to be careful, a s such a document is essentially a marketing tool where companies tend to highlight, and maybe even overestimate the value of their assets.When preparing the IM dont make the following mistakes.[slideshare id=2299325doc=top11informationmemorandummistakes-091020160814-phpapp01type=dw=640h=330]Seeking FundsDiscussions with potential PE Houses and Bank backersOnce an agreement between management and the company is reached, it is important to reach out to potential private equity house and banks. Those will be responsible for providing the necessary funds for a successful buy-out.Perhaps the simplest approach is to reach out to current bankers that you, the investor, might have had long relationships with, and have built a sound reputation over the years.However, it still important to consult your advisor for other potential funders who might be interested in the business your target company is in. It’s important to remember that banks are typically reluctant to give out loans for MBO s since the amount of money and risk involved is huge. This is why there are typically multiple funders for MBOs.CompletionCommencement of due diligenceThe most suitable term to describe a due diligence is: Investigation.This is your chance as an investor to check that everything is in order and in good working conditions. An investor’s position in the company prior to the MBO doesn’t necessarily allow him to be fully aware of the working conditions of everything in the company. This is why a due diligence is important to assess whether an investor is getting exactly what he is paying for.It is important to leave no questions unanswered to avoid any hassle in later stages. Typically, the management in the case of an MBO will know more than in the case of an MBI for example, but it is important to remember that there are funders who are essentially taking a huge risk and need to be absolutely satisfied with what they’re putting money for.Agreement of MBO team contracts and shar e optionsAfter agreement, all parties involved in the transactions sign the necessary documents with the help of their advisers. Issues might arise later, and this is why you, as a manager, should keep in touch with your advisor till all parties are satisfied, and have access to the funds.TransitionThe new management finally takes over and starts running the business. It still remains important to take care of logistical issues quickly and smoothly to not disrupt the workflow. Here knowledge of change mangement comes in handy.Funding OptionsThe struggle to find funders is serious. MBOs require a huge capital investment that is unlikely to be gathered entirely by the MBO team themselves. The funding is often provided through multiple sources. Here are the most popular funding options:The MBO Team: While it’s unlikely to collect the entire amount required by the vendor through the MBO team solely, it is important that a fair share of the capital is provided by them. This does not on ly help in reducing the amount of debt, but it also establishes credibility and gives the impression that the new management is serious in its conduct. This is almost always required by PE investors.Bank Loans: Bank loans are a function of how well the business is promising after the completion of the transaction. Banks will be reluctant to invest if the amount is too big and the business is too risky. However, they still remain a direct and relatively easy way to fund an MBO. The downside will be strict repayment rules.Private Equity Houses: This is also a popular option alongside banks. However, venture capital and private equity loans are conditional and usually require an equity stake. This might not be favorable to the MBO team as this gives the PE House a say in decision making. It is important to be careful when picking the right vendor to avoid interference in business operations. The two main sources for returns for PE Houses are interest rates on the amount provided, and t he capital growth of their equity stake.Vendor Deferred Considerations: In most cases, the vendor doesn’t expect to receive the payment as a lump sum, and usually consider deferring a portion of the amount for the MBO to proceed. This is applicable in cases where the company’s performance doesn’t allow it many other funding options (such as bank and private equity loans) and the pre-existing management needs to endorse the new one. This is a bit risky and depends greatly on the performance of the new management.Earn-Outs: This is a special kind of deferred consideration. The vendor may believe that the MBO is worth much more than its current financial status. In such cases, conditions are applied that if the business surpasses an agreed-upon level of performance, part of the revenues goes to the vendors. This protects the vendor’s financial interests and eliminates uncertainty for the MBO team.Learn more about the mechanics of a MBO transaction. MBO Feasibility and Funding C riteriaRushing into an MBO is probably the worst thing an investor or a management team can do. The excitement of owning your own business must not take over proper planning. This is why a criterion for spotting the opportunity for an MBO is essential. The following are some of the most important aspects that need to be checked before submitting a proposal.A company with poor records but a great management team is arguable better than a strong business with a set of poor executives. A competent management team is crucial for the success of an MBO. To be able to gather the right team for an MOB, there are considerations that need to be put in mind:Your team must fill in all the necessary positions needed to run your business. These are typically:A Managing DirectorA Finance DirectorA Sales DirectorAn IT DirectorAnd possibly any business-specific positions that are essential for the continuation of your company’s operations. A funder needs to be fully convinced that the gathered tea m is able to run the company smoothly. Any unfilled positions might risk hindering or even the complete suspension of operations, and that is a huge threat to the funder’s money.Any remaining unfilled positions need to be outsourced. It’s essential to fill the gap even with external candidates. This is very applicable if the potential business is planning to change strategies or to adopt a different line of production. This means that the current state of the company is likely to lack the experience, and such a gap needs to be filled externally.When forming the management team, possible issues might arise from excluding other executive members of the company. These issues need to be resolved immediately to ensure a smooth, hassle-free negotiation and transaction. Exclusives who feel excluded might resign and cost the company a hassle in reappointing new members for such crucial positions. It’s also important to consider that if the deal doesn’t go through, the managing team will have to deal with members they’ve excluded. This might cause unwanted tension in the work environment. Such issues must be resolved in a friendly manner before negotiations start.The considerations mentioned above are essential for an integrated and competent management team, but they’re not the only criteria for a successful MBO. There are considerations regarding the business itself that should not be overlooked:Sustainable increasing profit: Being part of the company in the first place, such information should be accessible. It is always better to invest in an established and a performing company than trying to rescue a sinking ship. Even if your management team thinks the company’s bad performance is due to the existing management, convincing funders of this might be difficult. Consequently, unless your team is willing to take the full responsibility funding-wise, there is no point in going for the investment.Potential growth: While the company may be performing well in the present, a plan for the future is essential. There is no point in going for the deal if your management team is going to apply the same policies anyways. This also doesn’t help in debt repayment. Debt will constitute a pressure in the beginning, and it’s important to have a plan to increase revenues significantly to sustain the business operations.Strong cash flow: A key factor when reaching out for funders. Funders are unlikely to know much about the inner workings of your business and need to be convinced that the business you already run is making profit. Numbers speak louder than words in this case.Interest in the business: Your team must be genuinely interested in the type of business they run. They need to be motivated to make a significant difference in the way their business is run.Potential untapped market: Having undiscovered markets is promising. The existing management might be reluctant in expanding business. The new management team needs to be aware of poten tial new markets that will help in debt repayment and expansion in operations, which will lead to even greater profits.In any given company, there are always considerations for MBOs, but very few are actually completed. The previously discussed points should lay out a check-list for investors who are assessing potential MBOs.Read about management buyout lessons from real-life managers.[slideshare id=15295357doc=executinganmbo-121122040233-phpapp02type=dw=640h=330]PROS AND CONS OF AN MBO FOR THE MANAGEMENT TEAMWhile an MBO is a very attractive alternative to running your own business, there are still pros and cons that are worth exploring in order to make an informed decision:Pros of an MBOFamiliarity: As mentioned before, the MBO team is already familiar and involved in the business and is most likely to perform better than an external team. Starting a business from scratch is harder, riskier and time consuming. It is also a great opportunity to gather a team of professionals who ar e interested in the business they run. The history they have working together and dealing with the same issues provides them with a similar solid background of the challenges of their market.Financial Rewards: Making the transition from an employee to a manager will have a huge impact on the compensation of the management team members, if the MBO is successful.Job Security: An MBO team eliminates the uncertainty of the job market by simply appointing themselves managers of the company.Taking Business Private: In many cases, an MBO team will privatize the target company. This saves the business a lot of paper work, legislation, and unnecessary procedures that ought to be invested elsewhere.Cons of an MBOLimitations: While MBOs are a popular and perhaps the most feasible way to having your own business, they are still limited by the kind of company you’re working for. MBOs are most suitable for rather smaller companies. The chances for finding funders to assist in buying a huge corp oration are very slim if not zero. This is why MBOs are more suitable for divisions of corporations that fall out their business scope. Having a solid history of cash flows and promising potential for success is necessary to be able to convince funders of actually taking the risk.Capital: It’s unlikely to find a group of investors that have enough money to buyout a business. Consequently, loans will constitute a huge pressure on business. Unless the new management has new plans to increase revenues, funders won’t be eager to invest in the company.Transition: The transition from an employee to a manager won’t be necessarily a successful one. This may lead to further complications and may cost the business a lot of money.While the new management team could have had a history of managing the division or the company, it still not necessarily true in all cases. A high rank employee who is not necessarily in a managing position could take part in the deal.It is also important to not e that the management team could’ve have been responsible for local management and not necessarily involved in the vision or the overall policy of the company.A division in a corporation will have pressures from upper management and board members that might have taken some the power they would have if they were running the division as a fully functioning company on their own. Consequently making the transition is a challenge.Agreement: An MBO team might find it hard to agree on who ought to fill certain positions. This might cause unwanted tension and affect operations. Partnership doesn’t necessarily go smoothly. The MBO team might agree to take over the business but that doesn’t necessarily mean that they’ll agree on policy on the long run. This might cause challenges to the business. Although this is applicable in any given partnership, it is more likely to happen with an MBO team.MBOs vs. MBIsA Management Buy-In (MBI) takes a slightly different approach than that of an M BO.Instead of having the company acquired by its own management team, the company is acquired by an external team that essentially replaces the current one.In this case, one investor, or perhaps a manager, can acquire the entire company, manage it himself, or appoint a new management team. This process often requires lots of capital and investors need to have a private equity  company to back the transaction.The only way this could happen is, of course, if the buyer has great expertise in management, particularly that of large corporations. Otherwise, acquiring a business that might not exactly lie in the field of expertise of the investor becomes harder to manage.However, such transactions are usually conducted with management teams (as with MBOs) led by a managing director, who typically has more experience. In addition, teams often compete with other management teams  to find a  suitable business to purchase.What advantages does MBO have over MBI?Perhaps the most important featur e that makes MBOs such an attractive choice as an exit strategy is the fact that the already-existing management teams is much more familiar with the business than an outsider team.Consequently, an MBO guarantees to some extent that the management team will do a better job at running the acquired company’s operations. An MBI might lead to laying off labor according to new management strategies.However, an MBO is less likely to result in that since employees are, whether in managing positions or not, familiar with working with each other. This results in a smoother transition and is less likely to hinder the company’s operations in the transition phase. This also becomes convenient in cases where the managers of a certain division of a company don’t approve of the upper boards decisions regarding their division.In real life, upper board managers will be more concerned with results. This might eventually lead to misunderstandings that may last years in running a business. Theref ore it becomes convenient, when a large corporation feels the need to let go of a division that is falling out of the scope of their business, to allow the pre existing managers (who are already familiar with the challenges and the problems) to take over.CONCLUSIONAll in all, MBO still remains an easy and tempting option to running your own business; given you have what it takes to run it. Not only do you promote yourself to higher levels of financial success, but you also get to run the business your most familiar with and interested in.While the financial risks associated with debts might seem tremendous, it still remains a fair compromise for the type of investment you’re bidding for. With the help of the right team you can make the market thrive and open up new paths for success.

Autism Spectrum Disorders And Its Effects - 3072 Words

Autism spectrum disorders, or ASDs, are a set of disorders of neural brain development with many causes at their roots, and while recent research has determined several potential causes as to why the disorder occurs, its ambiguity raises an additional question of to what extent the general public understands the reality of the disorder. The various disorders include: autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). Because each individual with autism is unique, some may have exceptional abilities, while others may experience cognitive delays, be unable to complete everyday tasks, experience difficulties in motor coordination, or have attention and physical health issues. The various types of autistic disorders are characterized by difficulties interacting socially and in both verbal and nonverbal types of communication, and these usually come about during infancy. It is ofte n found that some with autism spectrum disorders excel in specific fields, such as music, math, art, and visual skills, and this is sometimes known as savant syndrome (Santrock). Stephen Safran describes disability as â€Å"reduced function or loss of a particular body part or organ. A disability is not a handicap unless it leads to an educational, social, vocational, or other problem (3). Autism, on the other hand, is a disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal, self-stimulation, cognitiveShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Autism Spectrum Disorder On Children1351 Words   |  6 PagesMany children have to live their entire lives under the shadow of a disorder that entirely alters the typical life of a person. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a common neurobehavioral disorder that is caused during prenatal development. This specific disorder affects 1 in 68 children in Canada and is increasing every single year. â€Å"More children will be diagnosed with autism this year than with AIDS , diabetes, and cancer combined† (KenCrest). Children who are affected often don’t get diagnosed untilRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Its Effects On Society2437 Words   |  10 PagesAutism spectrum disorder still after decades is surrounded by misinformation despite the progression of scientific studies on the subject. Mitchell and Locke created an online survey to better evaluate the information surrounding autism spectrum disorder. 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More than that, due to his slowRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay2292 Words   |  10 PagesFrom 1997 to about 2007 the number of children with autism spectrum disorder has increase from 42,517 to about 258,305 and has risen since (Reschke-Hernà ¡ndez, 2011). With this rise of children who have autism, the rise of music therapy has since appeared greatly. When music therapy was first documented, the music was used in both group and individual settings. It was used with those who lacked social skills, those who needed rehabilitation, for self-expression, for psychological improvement and alsoRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder : A Negative Effect On A Child s Ability Essay1768 Words   |  8 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder, ASD, is defined by the Mayo Clinic as a negative effect on a child’s ability to be able to communicate and interact with others due to the negative effects of a neurodevelopment disorder. 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In the article it gave an introduction to autism and how children experience a change in attention from one stimulus to anotherRead MoreThe Effect Of Telehealth On The Language And Communication Delays That Accompany Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Autism ) Essay1703 Words   |  7 Pagespractices to treat or assess disorders via technology, such as video or webcams, rather than treating patients face-to-face. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) may use this method to treat a variety of delays and disorders, including stuttering, apraxia, lisps, and others. This paper will explore the use of telehealth in treating the language and communication delays that accompany Autism Spectrum Disorder (autism), specifically in children. Autism Spectrum Disorder is â€Å"a complex developmental disabilityRead MoreTreating Autism Spectrum Disorders1025 Words   |  5 PagesAutism spectrum disorders are a class of developmental br ain disorders with symptoms that range widely with each affected individual. Autism is a disorder that varies in severity of social interaction and communication that can benefit from the help of different types of treatment. Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, autism, pervasive development disorder, and non pervasive developmental disorder are disorders on the autism spectrum with differing levels of intensity. Treatments for autism includeRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Autism ) Essay1739 Words   |  7 Pages These two observations would be the beginning of a disorder known as the Autism Spectrum Disorder. This developmental disorder, characterized by a range of deficits in different areas, is increasingly prevalent in society and in the media. While the exact numbers vary from country to country, according to Lai (2014), 1% of the general population is diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. The range of this disorder has a detrimental effect on society, specifically the educational system due toRead MoreWhat Do We Know About Autism Spectrum Disorder?1390 Words   |  6 PagesAbout Autism Spectrum Disorder? Actress Holly Robinson Peete once stated, â€Å"I m not a doctor or scientist. I m just a mom. But I do think there s a genetic predisposition, and there are environmental triggers. I feel like that combination, in my child s case, is what resulted in autism.† Holly Robinson could have not said it in a better way. What is the cause of autism? Is autism solely caused by genetics or a combination of genetics and environmental influences? What does make up autism spectrum

Racial Discrimination The Blacker The Berry - 1638 Words

Introduction Racial Discrimination is dreadful. It’s a social conflict against those who are a slightly different based on appearance. It has indeed become a well-known issue, which has created problems throughout the world. This issue is so distributing that it has incredibility-impacted society, especially influenced artists to incorporate the current issue into their songs. For instance, artists like Kendrick Lamar have expressed the issue of racial discrimination. In his song â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† from his album To pimp a butterfly (2015), he speaks about the racism and stereotypes from his own experiences. The song is about the frustration with how African Americans are treated due to the racism. This hip-pop song enhances the message through the use of Lamar personal life experiences as well his way of rapping with the intense beats. This demonstrates the seriousness of his message he wants the listener to grasp. Bob Marley has a song dealing with racial di scrimination called â€Å"War† from the album Rastaman Vibration (1976). The song heavily emphasis the overall issue that has to with racism and achieving peace in society. Bob Marley mainly focuses on the lyrical power that is expressed through melodic in â€Å"War†. These songs were initially made for the purpose to inform the listeners of their lifestyle through racial discrimination. Racial discrimination is a huge issue, which causes serious damage to the victims. Issue Discussion Racial discrimination continues toShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination : The Blacker The Berry1637 Words   |  7 Pages Racial Discrimination is dreadful. It’s a social conflict against those who are a slightly different based on appearance. It has indeed become a well-known issue, which has created problems throughout the world. This issue is so distributing that it has incredibility-impacted society, especially influenced artists to incorporate the current issue into their songs. For instance, artists like Kendrick Lamar have expressed the issue of racial discrimination. In his song â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† fromRead MoreThe Blacker The Berry, By Kendrick Lamar1420 Words   |  6 Pagessong that are on both sides of the spectrum from his song â€Å"I† which is more like Martin Luther King Jr.’s nonviolent beliefs to â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† which is more like Malcolm X’s thinking of self-hatred. In light of many of these issues along with the fact that racism is still an issue, Kendrick Lamar released his critically acclaimed song â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† in February 2015. This racially-charged song celebrates Kendrick’s African American heritage, but also has an underlying theme of racializedRead MoreRacism Is A Relic Of The Past1102 Words   |  5 Pagesthorough definition of racism and its consequences; racism is a white police officer beating or shooting a black teen, a white presidential candidate spewing racial slurs during his campaign or perhaps it looks like a white cooking show TV host who admits to having used the n-word. Media is prepared to bring up conspicuous prejudice and discrimination every time it occurs; perpetuating the thought that generally racism is a relic of the past. However, contemporary manifestations of racism and its effectsRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Of The 1920s1557 Words   |  7 Pagesthe attention of white Americans. Their works ex pose the racial discrimination, identity struggles, and the collisions between black and white Americans. Throughout the Harlem Renaissance, many darker Blacks felt ostracized from their mulatto families but superior to the common black folk. Simultaneously, many black artists longed for White approval, avoided Negro movements, and felt ashamed to be black. In the novels The Blacker the Berry and Infants of Spring, Harlem Renaissance writer WallaceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Blacker The Berry By Kendrick Lamar940 Words   |  4 Pagesby the remarks someone makes of their race or ethnicity they are considered someone without humor. We are to blame for the everyday racism we see in the music, television, posters, etc because we see it as something normal. In the song â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† by Kendrick Lamar, Lamar calls himself the biggest hypocrite of 2015. I believe he himself is realizing that he is also at fault for the everyday racism we seem to face. In the poem â€Å"Power† by Audre Lorde we also see a black woman describedRead MoreThe Blacker The Berry By Kendrick Lamar1025 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† by Kendrick Lamar was released February 9th, 2015. This incredibly racially motivated song has created controversy throughout America because it tackles racism, hypocrisy, and hatred head on. Although Stephen Best argues that the past defines the present without question, and Hartman believes that many important African American stories have been silenced due to lack of evidence, Kendrick Lamar’s song â€Å"The Blacker the Berry† complicates and adds to their arguments by introducingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem I Pimp A Butterfly By Neil Mccormick1532 Words   |   7 Pagespoverty, or racial discrimination. He leaves none of his message left to assumption, and he clearly presents his opinions. One of the most controversial aspects of â€Å"To Pimp a Butterfly† was its racially charged subject matter and message. Each track features different takes on racial discrimination, as well as the internal struggle faced by Kendrick in regards to this issue. â€Å"To Pimp a Butterfly† came out at a very opportune time, as there was a lot of interest in racial discrimination thanks to theRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pagesidentity for a long time. The negative connotations of â€Å"blackness† have led to the creation of many racial constructs associated with the â€Å"Moor†; this denigration has infused the opinions of many critics, such as Albert Gerard, proposing that Othello’s â€Å"negroid physiognomy† reaches down to the â€Å"deepest levels of personality† and that he is a â€Å"barbarian†. However, many other critics like Edward Berry and Martin Orkin believe that colour is merely a à ¢â‚¬Å"surface indicator† compared to the outward virtueRead MoreLife of a Mullato Essay examples1054 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysis and their character development. 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Robeson, Paul. â€Å"You Are the Un-Americans, and You Ought to be Ashamed

Writing Your Personal Statement Free Essays

What Is the personal statement? The personal statement is your chance to demonstrate what an excellent candidate y o are for your chosen course/ s. The statement cannot be more than 4000 characters including spaces or 47 lines. AAAS use sophisticated anti plagiarism software, so make sure your statement is all your own work, under no circumstances should you be tempted to Inc elude catapulted material from any source! How should I structure my personal statement? The recommended structure is as follows: paragraph 1 – explain why you are passionate about your subject and why you are such a good candidate for the course paragraph 2 – demonstrate what skills you have already developed from your A level studies and wider experiences paragraph 3 – demonstrate what personal qualities you have, and how much of a contribution to university life you can make The best statements will also start with strong opening and closing sentences, but war et the main 3 sections first before you start to worry about these. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing Your Personal Statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Guidelines for each section Paragraph 1 – academic interest This should be the largest section of your statement (at least 50%) The key points for this section are to: show real passion and enthusiasm for your chosen subject show that you have academic curiosity This Is best achieved by Including examples of your wider reading and/ or talks you have attended and/ or other activities you have taken part in outside of your A level lessons. It is How to cite Writing Your Personal Statement, Papers

Need for Strategic Thinking in Business

Introduction Both classical and many other schools of strategic thinking have been used to describe the concept of business management strategy. Strategic thinking has become a major concern of many business organizations because of the need to achieve mutual benefits between the organization and the employees through proper management strategies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Need for Strategic Thinking in Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Proper strategies are necessary for the business to improve its productivity. Business productivity can never be improved without the member taking part in the strategy formulation (Lampel Mintzberg, 1999, p. 21). The reason for the emergence of these schools of strategic thinking is the question of why some strategies fail and others succeed. The main issues addressed in these schools are the factors that may cause these strategies to fail or succeed. Strategic thi nking is a mean of understanding the key drivers of business as well as improving the conventional thinking through dialoguing with members in the organization (Mintzberg, 1996, p. 96). The main objective of this essay is to present a Critical Analysis of the fundamental concepts of the ‘Classical’ schools and other schools of strategic thinking. Critical Analysis of the Classical School of Strategic Thinking The classical schools of management are based on the assumption that the employees only pursue the economical and the physical needs which are their source of satisfaction. The school assumes away the social and job satisfaction needs of the workers. Though the school argues that these needs are either absent or are not important in the course of the service offered by the employees, the claim is without clear attestation. The main focus of the school is high labor specialization and bureaucratic process of decision making where decisions are made from a central po int. Profit maximization is also a major concern of the school. This indicates that the social and job satisfaction needs of the employees are locked out in the proposed management strategy (Whittington, 1993, p. 9). The classical school of strategic thinking was developed during the industrial revolution when factories in the industries faced management problems. There were vast labor dissatisfactions and the management was unsure of how to deal with the situation. The other issue was how to train the employees to make them loyal members of the organizations. The key objective of this school of thought was to determine the best way that could be used to undertake and manage tasks (CliffsNotes, 2010, p. 1). In this sense, the classical school was meant to solve the management problems related to labor dissatisfaction for the betterment of the industries but with less concern about the social life and job satisfaction of the employees. The classical school of strategic thinking was b roadly categorized into classical administrative school and the classical scientific school of thought.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Classical Scientific School The major concern of this school was productivity and efficiency within the industries. The school assumed that productivity and efficiency could be achieved through close examination of the work process and the skills possessed by the work force (Steiner, 1979, p. 18). The main aim was to ensure that the most work is done and that the workforce has the most desired skills to do the work. This could not hold in the sense that despite the excellent skills of the work force, their productivity will be very low if job satisfaction is not realized. The best motivation of the workforce comes from within and is evident when job satisfaction is met. The main proponents of the scientific classical school are Lillian G ilbreth, Fredrick Taylor, Gantt and Frank whose contribution led to the development of the school. Taylor, for instance, believed that tasks study and precise procedure development would improve productivity in an organization. He advocated increase of working hours and reduction of the workforce accompanied by increased payment to workers who meets the high standards of production. He thought that paying more money for extra time worked will motivate the workers and improve production. The reality however is that, overworking workers will in the long run reduce labor productivity and quality of work (Cunningham Lischeron, 1991, p. 49). These proponents argued that there should be procedures for performing jobs and that work should be shared between the employees. They proposed also that workers should be developed and trained to perform certain duties but should not be left to choose their own tasks. However, allowing workers to choose their own tasks would be more effective becaus e they choose what they feel they are competent to handle. The Classical Administrative School This school proposed bureaucratic management principles in organizations. The proponents argued that the organization should have a formal structure that will be followed by the stakeholders. This structure will allow formal flow of information from the highest rank to the lowest (Steiner, 1969, p. 12). Power was believed to flow from a centralized place. Max Weber, one of the proponents of this school, argued that, every organization should have a bureaucratic structure characterized by specified principles. For instance, every structure should have a well defined hierarchy, labor division and specialization, specific rules and regulations, work based relationship between employees and their bosses, employment based on competence and a concise record of activities of the organization. Henri Fayol also had the same idea as Weber but his process was enriched with other aspects like team wor k strategy, equity and stability of tenure of personnel. The administrative school concentrated on the total organization where emphasis was laid on the development of managerial principles in an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Need for Strategic Thinking in Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The proponents of the administrative school based their study on the flow of information in an organization. Their main emphasis is to understand how the organization operates and how it can be improved to increase the performance (Porter, 1980, p. 23).   One of the greatest proponents of this school, Max Weber, argued that, the organization should not be managed personally because people will be loyal to their personal supervisors instead of the organization itself. Weber believes in a bureaucratic structure of the organization where there are rules to be followed by the members of the organization.à ‚   This way, he believed, would detach the organization from the personalized management.   He condemned the European organizations for personalizing their management which he described as family-like system of management. The other proponents of the administrative school include Henri Fayol, Mary P.F., and Chester B. whose contributions were very significant in the development of the school. The classical administrative school as the scientific school did not address the issue of social needs and the job satisfaction needs of the employees. They both seem to be organization oriented and any strategy laid is meant to benefit the organization through profit maximization and engaging the workforce into long working hours. The targeted production level may not be achieved unless the employees are full satisfied. Critical Analysis of Other Schools of Strategic Thinking Besides the classical schools of strategic thinking, more schools of thought have been developed in order to describ e the concept of strategy in business management. The classical schools have failed in some instances to describe the best way that could be employed for effective business management strategies. The question that has brought about the emergence of these schools is why some strategies fail while others succeed (Miller, 1987, p. 561). One of these schools is The Planning School that describes strategy systems as conscious processes of formal planning (Mintzberg, 1990, p. 171). In this sense, the organization strategist formally communicates the strategic decisions to the whole organization. This school argues that the strategy systems are subject to control and can be decomposed in to various distinct steps (Ansoff, 1987, p. 13). Strategies therefore are not spontaneous activities but are planned in a formal manner and can be achieved in stages as per the formally planned time line. The members of the organization are therefore aware of the strategies taken. The other school is The D esign School of strategic thinking. This school describes strategy systems as processes of conception and deliberate action of conscious thought (Goold, 1992, p. 169).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, the strategies are based on individualized design and are very informal. This school also asserts that the chief executive officer has the responsibility of controlling the strategy systems in the organization. In the real sense, the CEO alone cannot manage the whole responsibility of strategy formulation but the whole organization members need to be involved (Ansoff, 1987, p. 513). The Positioning School of Strategic Thinking has its roots in economics. It is mostly focused on the external environment. The organization has analysts that assesses the external environment and propose the course of action. This school describes the strategy systems as analytical processes that are carried out by the analysts in the organization. The strategies of business management are described as being identifiable and generic in nature (Chakravarty, 2005, p. 1). The Entrepreneurial School on the other hand argues that, the strategies are long-term plans of the organization and that t hey define the vision of the organization (Segars Grover, 1999, p. 202). Leaders in this case are assumed to have entrepreneurial skills which they apply to formulate the strategies of the organization. This could be very insightful if the leaders keeps watch on the changing business environment and base their decision on the observations they make (Cunningham Lischeron, 1991, p. 55). There is also Cognitive School whose notions are based on psychology. The school describes that there are cognitive processes in the mind of the strategist and they determine the success of the strategies implemented. The strategies undertaken in this case depends on the strategist himself. He comes up with the strategies he finds best applicable in the situation of the enterprise. The Learning School is also based on psychology of the strategists and the strategy systems are taken to be processes that are learnt over time. The behavior of the enterprises is unpredictable and there is therefore need t o learn many strategies that could be used if needs arise. Strategies learned are plans for the future and are based on experience (McKiernan, 1997, p. 796). The Power School of strategic thinking asserts that strategies are a result of power game within the organization and is therefore believed to have its roots in politicology (French, 2009, p. 59). The strategies are therefore shaped by the power and politics within the organization. The strategies may not be perspective in nature but may take the form of positions that may not improve the organization performance. They may not be need oriented but based on greed for power. The other school is Environmental School which has its origin in biology. This school describes strategy systems as reactive processes resulting from the reactions of the organization to the external environment (Kemp Ashish, 2003, p. 1). The prevailing environmental conditions are the main determinants of the next move to be taken by the organization. For i nstance, the change in the dimension of competition in the market will necessitate the organization to come up with strategies that will make the organization more competitive. The Cultural School argues that the strategies undertaken by the organization depends on the cultural interaction of the members within the organization. The school is based on anthropology and describes strategy systems as collective processes of social interaction of members in the organization. According to Kotter (1995, p. 5), the strategies are taken as the result of social interactions of both junior and senior employees within the organization. The members are the ones that determine the next course to be taken by the organization depending on the current needs and prevailing business environment. Their decision may not result in the same strategies every time. The last school in this list is called The Configuration School that describes strategy as a form of organizational transformation (Miller, 198 6, p. 236). In this sense, the strategies are taken as changing plans of the organization that transforms the focus and functioning of the organization. The strategies are constantly replaced by new ones depending on the prevailing needs of the organization. This is contrary to the beliefs of the administrative classical school that proposes a fixed bureaucratic procedure in the organizations. The same strategy may not apply in all circumstances. Some situations will demand the strategies to be revamped (Drucker, 2010, p.16). Conclusion The strategy systems are a complex process defined by several factors that are described in the above schools of strategic thinking. The concepts in these schools are interrelated in one way or another and are all focused on understanding the concept of business management strategies. Reference List Ansoff, I., 1987. The Emerging Paradigm of Strategic Behavior. Chichester: Strategic  Management Journal, 8(2), 1987pp.501-515. Chakravarty, M., 2005. The 10 schools of strategic planning. [e-book] India: rediff.com India Limited. Web. CliffsNotes. 2010. CliffsNotes.com. Classical Schools of Management. [e-book] New York: Wiley Publishing, Inc. Web. Cunningham, B., Lischeron, J. 1991. Defining Entrepreneurship. Journal of Small  Business Management, 29(1), 1991 pp.45-59. Drucker, P. F., 2010. The Theory of the Business. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing. French, S., 2009. Re-thinking the foundations of the strategic business process. Journal of Management Development, 28(1), 2009 pp. 51-76. Goold, M., 1992. Research Notes And Communications Design, Learning And Planning: A Further Observation On The Design School Debate. Strategic Management Journal (1986-1998); Feb 1992; 13, 2; ABI/INFORM Global pg. 169. Kemp, J. Ashish, J., 2003. The 9 Schools of Strategic Thinking. [e-book]New York: The Free Press. Web. Kotter, J.P., 1995. Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail. Boston: Harvard Business School publishing. Lampel, J. Mintzberg, H., 1999. Reflecting on the strategy process. Sloan  Management Review; spring 1999; 40, 3; ABI/INFORM Global pg. 21. McKiernan, P., 1997. Strategy past: Strategy futures. Oxford Long Range Planning, 30(5), October 1997 pp. 790-798(9). Miller, D., 1986. Configurations of Strategy and Structure: Towards a Synthesis. Strategic Management Journal ,7(3), 1986: 233–249. Miller, D., 1987. The genesis of configuration. The Academy of Management Review. 12(4), 1987. 556-701. Mintzberg, H., 1990. The Design School: Reconsidering The Basic Premises of Strategy management. Strategic Management Journal, 11(3), 1990 pg. 171. Mintzberg, H., 1996. Reply to Michael Goold. California Management Review, 38(4), 1996 pg. 96. Porter, M.E., 1980. How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy. New York: The Free Press. Segars, H. Grover, V., 1999. Profiles of Strategic Information Systems Planning. Information System Research, 10(3), 1999. Pp. 199-232. Steiner, G.A., 1969. Top Man agement Planning. Toronto: Collier-Macmillan. Steiner, G. A., 1979. Strategic Planning, What Every Manager Must Know. New York: The Free Press. Whittington, R., 1993. What is Strategy and does it matter. London: Rountledge. This essay on Need for Strategic Thinking in Business was written and submitted by user Eli W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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