Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Why Was It Needed For Corinthian Women - 801 Words

Why was it needed for Corinthian women? â€Å"In the case of headcovering, Paul continues his ‘yes, but’ logic†. He is â€Å"yes† for women to pray and prophesying, but â€Å"no† for abusing the freedom in Christ. â€Å"These women were not merely speaking in worship, but doing it in a way that unnecessarily flaunted social conversation and the order of creation. So Paul has to encourage them to exercise restraint†. â€Å"The nub of the difficulty is that in 1 Corinthians 11:2-16, Paul is quite prepared for women to pray and prophesy, albeit with certain restrictions†. I was astonished with Charles’ saying; â€Å"Paul had no problem with women praying and prophesying in church; his difficulty is that they are doing these things in a way that denies their created sexuality. In Paul’s world, certain things were social symbols of femaleness and maleness. They distinguished the sexes. Amon the signs of femaleness was long hair. (On the eve of her marriage in the Acts of Paul, Techla is converted to celibate Christianity. After baptism, she cut her hair short and dresses like a man. This act said she had transcended her sexuality)†. Why is it only for women? Why not for men? Many debating on this issue, and the text raises a number of questions for us. First, why does Paul want to maintain for women, but not for men. Is it just a custom of â€Å"nature itself†? Witherington says that â€Å"It appears that such headcoverings were worn in the Roman context to demonstrate respect and subservience to the gods.Show MoreRelatedWomen s Work And Worship Of The First Century Churches1726 Words   |  7 PagesWomen in Paul’s Letters: Women played an important role in the work and worship of the first century churches. In Paul’s letters he portrays women as equals to men. Paul’s ideas were to renew a community of God’s people; including all races, sexes, and religious backgrounds. While some people will argue that Paul is all for the equality of women, others say that he is misogynistic. Some things that were written may sound harsh to our ears in today’s society; however, when considering the era thatRead MoreGender Double Standards For The Past Millenniums And Morrison1685 Words   |  7 Pages Women have been historically treated as second class citizens in both domestic and professional life. Society has circled around men for the past millenniums and Morrison depicts these gender double standards in Song of Solomon. She establishes the norms that women were subjected to and the social pressures that forced them to act, behave, and even live in a certain manner. Throughout the nov el, Morrison continually describes Milkman s perspective toward the women that are involved in his lifeRead MorePaul and the Church of Corinth Essay example971 Words   |  4 Pagescity was still relatively young due to the Romans destroying the old Corinth in 146 B.C.E. The city was not even a century old when Paul first entered and it was only during 44 B.C.E. that Julius Caesar re-established Corinth as a Roman colony. Corinth at the time was around five times larger than Athens and was the capital of the nearby province called Achaia. The city was strategically located near the narrow isthmus that connected the Peloponnesus to the mainland which in result was a powerfulRead MoreEssay On The Church893 Words   |  4 Pageswould be free to establish healthy kingdom alliances with fellow spirit filled ministries. In Acts 2:42, the apostles clearly understood that the mission that they were called to was relational. So they continued daily from house to house, fellowshipping, breaking bread and praying. It’s a miracle to get 50 pastors in any city in America to come together for that city alone for any extended period of time. Most churches and pastors have tunnel vision and short memories just like children. The giftRead MoreAnalysis Of Milkman In Toni Morrisons Song Of Solomon1606 Words   |  7 Pageshistory, reporting: â€Å"The boy in the middle†¦ (it seemed always to be a boy) spun around with his eyes closed†¦ pointing† (Morrison 299). Like the boy at the center of the circle, Milkman blindly points his attention and â€Å"hog’s gut† in the direction of the women around him, causing them nothing but pain (216). His behavior is symptomatic of the possessive masculinity he exercises, courtesy of his father and in direct competition with the softer masculinity his aunt Pilate offers. Milkman inherits masculineRead MoreSummary Of The Garden Of Eden 1305 Words   |  6 Pageshas an emotional aspect to his personality. In his state of innocence in the Garden of Eden, man was in a state of emotional bliss, for all that God had created was very good and man was without sin. Adam and Eve were perfectly content, for they knew the joy of communion with God. When Adam and Eve sinned they became separated from the presence of God and spiritually dead. Their emotional life was seriously impaired, for they felt afraid, ashamed and guilty. Their relationship became stressfulRead MoreGod s Foolishness Is Better Than Human Wisdom1674 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom God, and righteousness and sanctification and redemption, in order that, as it is written, â€Å"Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord.† 1 Corinthians 1:25-31 Because the foolishness of God is wiser than men; and the weakness of God is stronger than men.Christ on the cross appeared to be weakness in the eyes of people; but that weakness of God was stronger than men and everything that men could produce.[22] The sign-seeking Jews could not comprehend the mighty sign of the prophet Jonah,Read MoreWhat Is True Love?1847 Words   |  8 Pagestowards his or her sport, or the teenagers to video games, or the love of a mother towards their child? According to Krishna Sechadri, â€Å"Love could be considered as a collection of activities associated with the acquisition and retention of emotions needed to survive and reproduce.† For this reason, humans need love in order to survive. Moreover, love is a feeling reproduced by the neurotransmitters in our brain; thus, this means that human nature craves to give and receive affection. However, thisRead MoreThe Evil Of Evil And Commit Sin989 Words   |  4 PagesPeople might wonder why the â₠¬Ëœalmighty’ Christian God unable to prevent humans from temptations. Free will is a gift to humans; God does not force people to do anything because He wants them to love Him ‘whole-heartedly’ (Matthew 22:37). This paper will explain why Lewis is right based on the possibilities to do evil and commit sin, and yet also be forgiven. This can be surprising to many other people such as non-believers. Sin is defined as an offense against God. The sin that Satan has taught humanRead MoreSocial Analysis Of Religion And Gender Socialization1642 Words   |  7 Pagesand dad who are still together, and a brother named Justin, who is younger than me by fifteen months. My dad was a stay at home dad until I was eleven, when he decided to go back to school to pursue his calling to go become a school counselor. Growing up, my mom worked 50-60+ hours a week at Chase bank, she was in upper level management, so there were times I did not see her often. I am/was very close to my dad, he started my addiction to coffee and Jack Black movies. Neither of my parents cooked

Monday, December 23, 2019

Manifest Destiny Ideal Or Justification Essay - 883 Words

Manifest destiny: Ideal or Justification The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of U.S in 1803. But it is not enough for ambitious Americans, we are not satisfied, we wanted more territory. So western expansion did not end, it actually keep moved. Westward Expansion is a very significant part in U.S history. It operated perfectly based on the ideology called manifest destiny. However, the creation of this theory is on purpose. It was used to push U.S territory to further west. When the idea of manifest destiny was came up? The idea of Manifest Destiny was foreshadowed by some of the writings during the revolutionary times, with the desire for Canada in the period between the American War for Independence and the War of 1812. It rationalized the Louisiana Purchase and United States support for Texas independence and annexation. We could tried to find what period this idea came up, but to be exactly, who, when and where, it would be difficult as looking for a needle in a haystack. What I know is this ideology is modified and became an excuse to expand west, invaded Indians, declared war with Mexico. What is the manifest destiny? Everyone or every group have their own definitions. According to many historians, there are three basic themes to manifest destiny: The special virtues of the American people and their institutions; America s mission to redeem and remake the west in the image of agrarian America; and an irresistible destiny to accomplish this essential duty. ToShow MoreRelatedJohn O Sullivan s Manifest Destiny938 Words   |  4 Pagesname to this belief in 1839: Manifest destiny. Manifest Destiny resulted through misguided beliefs of predestination and white superiority, in which white men, despite opposition, forced their way to the west coast of America. Motives of religion, economic, race, and nationalism contributed to the justification of their ambitious goals and the repercussions. As Catherine Denial states in her article, â€Å"Manifest Destiny: Creating an American Identity,† Manifest Destiny was â€Å"the idea that AmericansRead MoreManifest Destiny, By John O Sullivan1292 Words   |  6 Pagesregion. The term â€Å"Manifest Destiny† was first introduced by a magazine editor, John O’Sullivan, written in the United States Magazine and Democratic Review in 1845 to express the idea that the United States had a unique role in expanding the nation (OpenStax College 316,483). Manifest Destiny is widely defined as a justification of continental expansion as a calling to the American citizens to unify the land into the Union. I view Manifest Destiny as white males expressing their ideals of white supremacyRead MoreAmerica s Hunger For Land And Power1166 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom its original foreign policies and expand worldwide, such as large parts of South America and the Caribbean. American imperialism of the late 1800s and early 1900s demonstrated the same cultural and social justification of previous expansionism. The original doctrine of Manifest Destiny, which emerged in the 1840s to accompany westward continental expansion, advocated a belief that America was destined by God to expand its borders across the continent. For the most part, the United States’ needRead MoreThe term â€Å"Manifest Destiny† was, in part, an expression of a genuine ideal on the part of500 Words   |  2 PagesThe term â€Å"Manifest Destiny† was, in part, an expression of a genuine ideal on the part of Americans. Yet it was also a justification to a push and to assume territory. The idea of Manifest Destiny was sparked by revolutionary American writings that encouraged appropriation of Canada. These writings rationalized that the Louisiana Purchase and the Untied States’ annexation of Texas ordained American complete domination of the North American c ontinent. More broadly stated, Manifest destiny was a convictionRead MoreThe Evolution of American Exceptionalism Essay726 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican nationalism and messianic mission in the idea of Manifest Destiny to justify the annexation of Texas. He spoke of America as a nation in defense of humanity, of the oppressed, of all nations, of the rights of conscience. Universal freedom and equality became justification for disenfranchising former Mexican citizens and displacing Native American tribes. Manifest Destiny was used throughout the second half of the 19th century as justification for expansion to California, and the acquisition ofRead MoreThe Enlightenment : The Impact Of The Enlightenment In America744 Words   |  3 Pageshad their own beliefs and religious practices. Along with the concept of Manifest Destiny, which was the idea of expanding North America from coast to coast also justified international expansion. Manifest Destiny was created with the belief in white racial superiority and a sense of American cultural advantage, and this also shaped their politics. The superior moral values and ethics were associated with American ideals. As a United States Citizen, it was your duty to expand the American way ofRead MoreThe Tale of the American Dream in Cannery Row by John Steinbeck1525 Words   |  7 Pageswas once a time when America’s ideals and motives were pure, but this era was short-lived. America reached its pinnacle of idealism during the Revolutionary War. The dream to escape British rule and continue their lives on soil enriched by liberty was what carried the colonists to victory against injustice and tyranny. However once the war was over and the dust settled, reality set in. The colonists realized that no matter how passionate they were about their ideals, they could not use these principlesRead MoreExplain The Background, And Repercussions Of Manifest Destiny1956 Words   |  8 PagesExplain the background, and re percussions of, Manifest Destiny. In 1845, John O’Sullivan wrote an Article in the ‘United States Magazine and Democratic Review’ in favor of the annexation of Texas. In this article the term ‘Manifest Destiny’ was created. O’Sullivan wrote â€Å"the fulfilment of our Manifest Destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.† Thus supplying the American people with the idea that it was their God-givenRead MoreThe Treaty Of Paris Of 18981119 Words   |  5 Pages(State Gov). The American colonial project brought forward a controversial debate on whether America can remain true to its founding ideals and still have an empire. This debate still continues today in regards to the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan. This essay argues that the United State’s imperial conquest for these pacific islands fails to honor its founding ideals; instead, it brought tragedy to both indigenous peoples and the A merican army and mocks everything the nation stands for. Upon hisRead MoreFrederick Jackson Turner S Frontier Thesis1157 Words   |  5 Pagesinterest. videlicet, with frequent territorial changes, the American population has developed an adaptation capacity. This ability began to be used to make the adversities of the new territory on a benefit of who lived there. The doctrine of Manifest Destiny is a philosophy that expresses the belief that the American people elected by God to rule the world, and the US geopolitical expansionism just an expression of divine will. Amid this idea of ​​US global dominance was also the idea of ​​the US

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Corruption in India Free Essays

No one questions the prevalence of corruption in India. The politicians of the two principal parties may blame each other but the fact of corruption is inescapable. What is more, corruption in India is not news. We will write a custom essay sample on Corruption in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has been around since the early years of Independence. Nehru was appalled to notice the behaviour of Congress legislators in UP as early as 1946. He thought they had violated all the provisions of the Indian Penal Code in one way or another! India also has a lot of laws to fight corruption. There have been inquiries and commissions on corruption going back more than fifty years. There have been several attempts over the last forty years to pass the Lokpal legislation and the latest one is still pending. The Anna Hazare movement has waxed and waned. Across India, be it mining scams in Karnataka, housing scams in Maharashtra, 2G, Taj Corridor, Bihar fodder scandal etc; there are corruption scandals, some pending, some abandoned, some yet to come up for prosecution everywhere you look. It cannot be that India needs another law to fight corruption. India has from the colonial days a tough legislative structure on proper behaviour in the public services very much on the old British model. B K Nehru in his memoirs relates how as a young ICS officer, he was chewed out by his superiors for accepting a free cinema pass from some cinema owner. He was told he was not to accept even unsolicited gifts, let alone ask for under-the-table cash. Gulzarilal Nanda, twice interim prime minister, retired to his two-room flat in Ahmedabad and lived in modest circumstances till he died. Over twenty plus years in office, including ministries which have subsequently become ATM ministries, he retired without taking a penny illegally. What has changed? It cannot be the laws but behaviour which is the key to the tolerance of corruption. India’s system of governance has been inherited from Western sources; it is based on what one might call after the great sociologist Max Weber, Weberian rationality. People within a hierarchical structure behave according to certain rules and norms. The superiors respect their inferiors and the latter reciprocate. Their transactions are defined by impersonal rules. If they at all associate with each other outside work, it would be by chance or old connections. One would not seek personal relationship with one’s superiors. I recall when in my first job in Berkeley, California, my boss hosted his daughter’s wedding, he did not invite any of his colleagues. I realised that that was the norm. His daughter’s wedding was not related to his work. It is not that corruption is not found in Western societies but it always comes as a shock because it does not meet with social approval. In Indian culture, interpersonal relations at work are modelled on family and kin relations. You pay respect to your superiors, seek their blessings, propitiate them with gifts and humble yourself before them. The superiors regularly treat their inferiors as they would young adults within their joint family and would think nothing of asking them to carry out tasks outside their professional remit. Giving a gift to your superior for Diwali, or on their birthday or their daughter’s wedding is not only not frowned upon, it is approved of. Indeed your fellow workers competing with you for promotion would be busy outdoing you in size of their gifts. The Party leader would expect the local agents to spread out the red carpet and look after his least important needs. In short, in India there is no separation between formal rules of behaviour at work and family or kin relation behaviour. As soon as you can, you make your superior your ‘uncle’, his wife becomes your mausi. You are expected to invest resources in maintaining your status in your workplace. All this requires money over and above your legal pay and perks. It also counts as corruption on strict formal Weberian rules. And yet the sort of behaviour is not only approved but applauded. Corruption may be as Indian as daal chawal. We are like that only. How to cite Corruption in India, Essay examples Corruption in India Free Essays Corruption in India is a major issue and adversely affects its economy. [1] A 2005 study conducted by Transparency International in India found that more than 62% of Indians had firsthand experience of paying bribes or influence peddling to get jobs done in public offices successfully. [2][3] In its 2008 study, Transparency International reports about 40% of Indians had firsthand experience of paying bribes or using a contact to get a job done in public office. We will write a custom essay sample on Corruption in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4] In 2012 India has ranked 94th out of 176 countries in Transparency International’sCorruption Perceptions Index, tied with Benin, Colombia, Djibouti, Greece, Moldova, Mongolia, and Senegal. [5] Most of the largest sources of corruption in India are entitlement programmes and social spending schemes enacted by the Indian government. Examples include Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and National Rural Health Mission. [6][7] Other daily sources of corruption include India’s trucking industry which is forced to pay billions in bribes annually to numerous regulatory and police stops on its interstate highways. 8] Indian media has widely published allegations of corrupt Indian citizens stashing trillions of dollars in Swiss banks. Swiss authorities, however, deny these allegations. [9][10] The causes of corruption in India include excessive regulations, complicated taxes and licensing systems, numerous government departments each with opaque bureaucracy and discretionary powers, monopoly by government controlled institutions on certain goods and services delivery, and the lack of transparent laws and processes. 11][12] There are significant variations in level of corruption as well as in state government efforts to reduce corruption across India. The economy of India was under socialist-inspired policies for an entire generation from the 1950s until the late 1980s. The economy was characterised by extensive regulation,protectionism, and public ownership, policies vulnerable to pervasive corruption and slow growth. [13][14][15][16] In 1960s, Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari suggested License Raj was often at the core of corruption. 17] The Vohra Report, submitted by the former Indian Union Home Secretary, N. N. Vohra, in October 1993, studied the problem of the criminalisation of politics and of the nexus among criminals, politicians and bureaucrats in India. [18] The report contained several observations made by official agencies on the criminal network which was virtually running a parallel government. It also discussed criminal gangs who enjoyed the patronage of politicians — of all political parties — and the protection of government functionaries. 19] According to Jitendra Singh, â€Å"in the bad old days, particularly pre-1991, when the License Raj held sway, and by design, all kinds of free market mechanisms were hobbled or stymied, and corruption emerged almost as an illegitimate price mechanism, a shadowy quasi-market, such that scarce resources could still be allocated within the economy, and decisions could get made. †¦ These were largely distortions created by the politico-economic regime. While a sea change has occurred in the years following 1991, some of the distorted cultural norms that took hold during the earlier period are slowly being repaired by the sheer forces of competition. The process will be long and slow, however. It will not change overnight. â€Å"[20] One of the major problems and obstacles to development in India has been endemic corruption and political inertia to change. [21] As of December 2008, 120 of India’s 523 parliament members were accused of crimes, under India’s First Information Report procedure wherein anyone can allege another of committing a crime. 22] Many of the biggest scandals since 2010 have involved very high levels of government, including Cabinet Ministers and Chief Ministers, such as in the 2G spectrum scam, the 2010 Commonwealth Games scam and the Adarsh Housing Society scam, Coal Mining Scam, mining scandal in Karnataka and cash for vote scam. A variety of organisations have been created in India to actively fight against corrupt government and business practices. Notable organisations include: * Bharat Swabhiman Trust established by well known Yog Guru Swami Ramdev running a large campaign against black money and corruption since last 10 years. 5th Pillar is most known for the creation of the zero rupee note, a valueless note designed to be given to corrupt officials when they request bribes. * India Against Corruption is a movement created by a citizens from a variety of professions and statuses to work against corruption in India. It is currently headed by Anna Hazare. [67] * Jaago Re! One Billion Votes is an organisation originally founded by Tata Tea and Janaagraha to increase youth voter registration. [68] They have since expanded their work to include other social issues, including corruption. 69] * Association for Social Transparency, Rights and Action (ASTRA) is an NGO focused on grass-roots work to fight corruption in Karnataka. One organisation, the Lok Satta Movement, has transformed itself from a civil organisation to a full-fledged political party, the Lok Satta Party. The party has fielded candidates in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Bangalore. In 2009, it obtained its first elected post, whenJayaprakash Narayan won the election for the Kukatpally Assembly Constituency in Andhra Pradesh. How to cite Corruption in India, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Face to Face Survey Technique-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Evaluate the face to face method, which you have chosen, to analyse Full Service Carrier (FSC) and Low Cost Carrier (LCC) airlines. Answer: The importance of survey in conducting a research can never be undermined. There is no point in stating the fact that the survey conduction is the most effective way of carrying out a research, simply because it helps in representing the perspectives of the general population at large, and is extremely cost-effective (Fowler 2013). For the completion of the present research, the face to face survey method, otherwise popularly referred to as the personal interview method has been chosen. A face to face survey method is the traditional method of conducting a survey where the interviewer physically travels to meet the respondents as per their convenience, and record the immediate responses of the interviewees on the spot. There are two ways of conducting the face to face survey- the one in which the interviewer selects the respondents and meet them at their preferred locations, and the second one in which he randomly selects the respondents from the crowd (Duncan and Fiske 2015). Despit e the huge popularity of the online and mobile surveys, the face to face survey technique has been preferred because of the possibility of recording high response rates in the cheapest possible way, and also because it facilitates better observation of the behaviour of the respondents. In this context, it would also be interesting to discuss and critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using the method, as experienced in the concerned research method. Advantages of Using the Face to Face Survey Technique: Greater Availability of Data: First of all, unlike online surveys which would usually cost huge amount of money for recording the response of larger number of respondents, in this case, the interviewer could approach anyone and everyone, and almost from each one could the response be easily obtained without incurring much expense (Nandi 2015). Reliability of Data: Besides, the reliability of the data obtained was also highly advantageous, in this context. It should be noted that a research completely relies on the use of authentic data, and online surveys often lead to misrepresentation of facts and falsification of data that can easily (Neuman 2016). However, the face to face survey method enables the interviewer to verify the authenticity of the demographic information provided by the respondents. Insight into the Verbal and Non-Verbal Ques: The non-verbal ques such as a sharp look, a sigh, a subtle smile on the face, can also help in understanding the perspectives of the interviewers. The face to face survey method enables the interviewer meet the interviewee in person, and interacts with him. Consequently, he can also deduce much data from the gestures and demeanour of the respondents, even when they do not say everything. To keen observation of the respondents emotions and behaviours have proved to be largely beneficial. Flexibility of the Research Process: The face to face survey method is highly flexible. The respondents are present right in front of the interviewer, and each of the responses can be analysed, reflected and clarified on the spot only. In case, the response were not clear, because of the close-ended nature of the survey questions, the open ended questions were being instantly used, to gain an insight into the situation easily (Bishop and Verleger 2013). Disadvantages of Using the Face to Face Survey Technique: Higher Cost: Although as compared to the online surveys, the face to face survey turned out to be cheaper, yet there is no doubt I stating the fact that this form of survey involved travelling to different locations as per the convenience of the respondents. Hence, it did involve higher expenditure than the paper-pencil questionnaire. Personal cost was higher in case of the survey technique. Quality of the Data: Since the interviewer and the researcher was one person only, the interviewer often tended to become biased, and tried to manipulate the response of the respondents. The objectivity of the respondents could not be maintained at all times, and that might have affected the quality of the data. Limited Sample Size: The sample size was largely limited, and there were areas which required further attention, and new respondents needed to be selected, as it became necessary to conduct several interviews over multiple areas (Rossi et al. 2013). However, since this would imply higher cost, the interviewer had to be content with the limited size of data. Manual Data Entry: Since the face to face survey method involves the use of paper questionnaire, the data analysis method turns out to be difficult. This is simply because the data entry process as well as the process of scanning the questionnaire manually would not only consume much time, but would also increase the cost (Allen and Seaman 2013). A data entry personnel had to be hired, and mobile surveys on I Pads could easily cut down the expense on manual data entry part. The administration method was more or less successful. Since this was the first time, the interviewer was conducting a survey he had problems in formulating the exact questions that could link the same to the research aims and objectives. Initially, some of the research questions failed to address the research objectives in an effective way, and hence the interviewer started asking a few open-ended questions, to clarify the doubts and elucidate the responses. However, some of the respondents felt offended and started leaving, as they found the interview extending twenty minutes. Some of the respondents found the questions ambiguous, and their doubts were being completely solved. However, those who had no clear idea regarding the survey topic took longer time, approximately 5 minutes, to answer each question. However, since the interviewer was present in person at the time of recording the data, the problems of missing data, illegible handwriting or even ambiguous markings were comple tely eliminated. In order to improve the administration procedure in future, it would be recommended that the interviewer does not randomly initiate the research method, but rather takes time to explain the scenario and each research question to each participant individually (Meerkerk et al. 2015). The respondents should be incentivized enough so that they do not respond to the research questions half-heartedly, but rather feel motivated to respond to the research questions. The interviewer can offer rewards, such as a shopping gift voucher or a free movie ticket, depending on the preferences of the research respondents. It is also important to note that a few changes in the questionnaire can help in improving the experience of the respondents, as well as gather the most relevant data needed for the research. Ease and Simplicity of the Language: The use of a few technical jargons made it difficult for the laymen to decipher the meaning of the research questions. Hence, the research questions will be written in a simplified and elaborate way, so that the laymen can also easily comprehend the meaning and purpose of each question. Space for Additional Response: It is possible that even after provided response to the close-ended questions, the respondents are willing to clarify their comments, or justify their responses by writing further. Hence, beside the space offered for response to each research question, the questionnaire should provide additional space for further response. Complex Question should be Split: It often happens that the response to the research questions are not directly connected to the research aims and objectives, Hence, it becomes difficult to deduce any logical data useful for the research from the recorded responses (Rea and Parker 2014). Hence, the research questions, in case are complex, should be broken down and split into four or five simple questions. The same thing will be done for the lengthy questions as well. Arrangement of the Questions in Proper Order: Each of the questions should be put in a logical and analytical proper form, so that the respondents can easily comprehend what data is exactly the researcher trying to obtain. Besides, the questions should be simple and easy at the beginning, so that the respondent does not get intimidated. Reflection on the Lessons Learnt: The face to face survey has helped me develop and enhance my research skills in a considerable way. I have been able to learn the process of approaching the respondents, fixing a location, and extracting the response to the selected research questions from the respective respondents. However, I learnt one important thing that I need to improve my interpersonal communication skills. I am more of a shy and withdrawn person, who encounters problems in approaching people and obtaining the relevant information from them. Hence, I need to enhance my communication skills. I also realized that it is important to incentivize the respondents as well, and to offer them a general idea regarding what the research is exactly about. While undertaking the survey, I also realized that it is important to assure the respondents regarding the anonymity of the research data. I will also need to overcome the problem of interviewer bias, that is, I should not, through my words or actions, unintentionally i nfluence respondents to answer in a particular way so as to favour my research findings. Student name(s): Checklist item Satisfactorily addressed (Yes or No) Notes related to the item Are simple words used? Almost Is the language vague? Partially Are the questions overly short? No Are the questions easy to understand? Yes Are the questions leading? Yes Are the questions ambiguous? No Is any objectionable language used? No Did the questions talk down to respondents? No Are two questions asked within a single question? Yes Are there any unnecessary questions? No Is the questionnaire layout appealing? Not particularly Is the questionnaire layout easy to follow? Yes Are the instructions easy to understand? To an extent Is there a logical flow to the questions? No General comments: I will need to put the questions in a logical and analytical proper form, so that the respondents can easily comprehend what data is exactly the researcher trying to obtain. Further, I would also require to make the language simplistic and break dwon the jargosn into easy terms. Finally, the layout also needs to be improved as well, so that it can be bright, attractive and appealing enough. Reference List: Allen, I.E. and Seaman, J., 2013. Changing course: Ten years of tracking online education in the United States. Babson Survey Research Group and Quahog Research Group. Retrieved August 5, 2016.Computers Education,69, pp.431-451. Bishop, J.L. and Verleger, M.A., 2013, June. The flipped classroom: A survey of the research. InASEE National Conference Proceedings, Atlanta, GA(Vol. 30, No. 9, pp. 1-18). Duncan, S. and Fiske, D.W., 2015.Face-to-face interaction: Research, methods, and theory(Vol. 3). Routledge. Fowler Jr, F.J., 2013.Survey research methods. Sage publications. Nardi, P.M., 2015.Doing survey research. Routledge. Neuman, W.L., 2016.Understanding research. Pearson. Rea, L.M. and Parker, R.A., 2014.Designing and conducting survey research: A comprehensive guide. John Wiley Sons. Rossi, P.H., Wright, J.D. and Anderson, A.B. eds., 2013.Handbook of survey research. Academic Press. Van Meerkerk, I., Edelenbos, J. and Klijn, E.H., 2015. Connective management and governance network performance: the mediating role of throughput legitimacy. Findings from survey research on complex water projects in the Netherlands.Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy,33(4), pp.746-764.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Factors Effecting Conversion of Footfalls in a Retail Store Essay Example

Factors Effecting Conversion of Footfalls in a Retail Store Essay International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 â€Å"FACTORS AFFECTING CONVERSION OF FOOTFALLS IN RETAIL STORES† Abu Bashar, Assistant Professor, Brown Hills College of Engg Tech. , Faridabad, Haryana, INDIA ABSTRACT In this research paper efforts have been made to explore various factors which affect the behavior of consumers in a retail outlet. A random sample of respondents visiting retail outlets has been considered for the present study. The paper mainly focuses towards various factors which affects the decision of the consumer in the store while they visit there for shopping. So, this research is mainly concerned with the behavior of the consumer and the various factors which are of enormous importance in converting the footfall within the stores. The paper also intends to recommend some feasible and viable strategies to be followed by retail outlets to maximize the percentage of conversion. Keywords: Behaviour, Consumers, Conversion, Factors, Retail, Shopping, Strategies International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 INTRODUCTION It becomes really very difficult for the small retailers and similar formats to compete with hyper marts and malls. The big retailers are putting cut throat competition to them. So, it becomes very important for retailers to gain a deeper insight into retail consumer behavior. The study of consumers helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as how ? We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Effecting Conversion of Footfalls in a Retail Store specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Effecting Conversion of Footfalls in a Retail Store specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Effecting Conversion of Footfalls in a Retail Store specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e. g. , brands, products); ? The the psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e. g. , culture, family, signs, media); ? ? The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions; Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; ? How consumer motivation and decision strategies differ between products that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies to more effectively reach the consumer. Understanding these issues helps us adapt our strategies by taking the consumer into consideration. For example, by understanding that a number of different messages compete for our potential customers’ attention, we learn that to be effective, advertisement s must usually be repeated extensively. We also learn that consumers will sometimes be persuaded more by logical arguments, but at other times will be persuaded more by emotional or symbolic appeals. By understanding the consumer, we will be able to make a more informed decision as to which strategy to employ. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 There are three fundamental patterns which a consumer can follow and they could be: (I) Brand first, retail outlet second (ii) Retail outlet first, brand second (iii) Brand and retail outlet simultaneously. Good customer service is the lifeblood of any business. You can offer promotions and slash prices to bring in as many new customers as you want, but unless you can get some of those customers to come back, your business won’t be profitable for long. Good customer service is all about bringing customers back. And about sending them away happy – happy enough to pass positive feedback about your business along to others, who may then try the product or service you offer for themselves and in their turn become repeat customers if you’re a good salesperson, you can sell anything to anyone once. Besides from the above stated facts the following factors are also very much important for attracting, converting and retaining customers in a particular retail outlet. These factors are being described below. 1. Availability of merchandise in the store 2. Product Quality 3. Product range(both product width and depth) 4. Promotional offers and frequency of schemes. 5. Services (pre, during and post purchase) 6. Pricing as a result of merchandise on offer 7. Ambience of the store International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 8. The empathy factor of the outlet attendant In order to gain deeper insight a thorough investigation of the related literature have been investigated, some of them are given below 1. Lichtle, M. C et al. investigates that it is interesting to notice that the outlet’s characteristics have an impact on value, which, in its turn, has an impact on satisfaction. Our results show what variables are to be privileged if one wishes to give the outlet its utilitarian and/or hedonic value. In the first case, the stress has to be put on product availability. This means that when a retailer, considering her/his product range, wants to confer a utilitarian value to the shopping behaviour all she/he has to do is to make sure that her/his products are easily available and within easy reach. The hedonic value is determined by a combination of several variables: atmosphere, peripheral services, the store’s employees and crowding. Customer satisfaction will thus be indirectly improved. By handling these four variables, the retailer will manage to enhance the hedonic value the consumer attributes to shopping. According to the positioning chosen, a firm will give more emphasis either to the hedonic value or to the utilitarian value, and therefore will act on the most relevant characteristics of the outlet that our study underlined. 2. Malcolm Kirkup and Marylyn Carrigan said that as the public demand for ethical accountability grows, marketers must ensure that their activities match public expectations. Owing to its high visibility and direct contact with the public, marketing research in particular has a duty to conduct its business to the highest ethical standards. As new technology alters the way that research is conducted, there is a challenge to safeguard all the stakeholders involved in the research from unethical behaviour. Observational research is a prime example of a research technique which, while providing a valuable tool in the study of consumer behaviour, raises concerns over individual privacy particularly with the growing sophistication and power of the technology. 3. Jones, peter and David Hillier examined that Current government planning policies affecting retail investment; development and location certainly pose a major set of challenges for the leading retailers and for developers and property companies Sainsburys have argued that being more flexible in their formats allows them to take greater advantage of planning opportunities. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 4. Basso jeo and Randy Hines said that Males from the Midwest reported higher instances of positive shopping experiences at retail stores. They reported that courteous sales associates and attentive managers enhanced the shopping experience. Similarly, females from this part of the country reported higher instances of positive shopping experience. Again, the primary reason for their positive experiences was the courteous nature of the sales associates and the attentiveness of the floor-level management staff. Ten of the 25 respondents reported having negative shopping experiences at retail stores. However, while reasons varied from displeasure with the merchandise to delays in delivery of goods, none of the respondents attributed a negative experience to rude or inattentive sales associates and managers. Of the 18 females, 16 from the East reported having a negative experience at retail shopping centers. The reasons varied among respondents from poor quality merchandise to delays in shipping. However, 11 of the respondents indicated that their negative shopping experiences were the result of inattentive and rude sales associates. Two of the men reported having a negative shopping experience but they based this on the quality of the products they received. Of the eight positive shopping experiences reported by both male and female respondents, all indicated that their experiences directly resulted from an attentive sales associate or receptive management staff 5. Boedkar, Mika said that this should offer an opportunity for retailers to use segmentation and target their offerings, since it has been claimed that retail outlets tend to resemble one another and offer comparable products at comparable prices, thereby losing their individual profile. At the same time, consumer markets are becoming more sharply segmented than ever before. The new-type shoppers should be attracted by an image, one that is congruent with the consumer’s self-image. Since their demands of a retail outlet are rather high in every respect, the basics (e. g. service, price level, product quality and selection) should be considered as well as recreational, experience offering characteristics (e. g. interior design, aroma, care, product shows, and novelties). This kind of image could attract some of the traditional shoppers too, but they can be reached without the addition of recreational characteristics, implying reduced costs in retail outlet design. Without the basics, maybe only purely recreational shoppers could be attracted. Is this then the case in reality? As Rosen bloom points out, congruence between a retail outlet and consumer image is usually â€Å"more a matter of happenstance than a conscious effort to fit the store image to the target markets served by the retailer†. This means that congruence is achieved between retail outlet dimensions and traditional values held by the outlet’s founders or a typical image projected by the retailer’s trade peer group. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 6. Amine, Abdilmajid and Sandrine cadenate examines that product classes proposed in an retail outlet do not contribute equally to the variety of store image and effectiveness from the customers point of view. It also demonstrate the perception of consumer of the overall store assortment, consumers are highly sensitive in selecting range of varieties. 7. Ratcliffe, John and Sheila Flanagan said that BIDs have been tried and tested over time. They are here to stay, and will almost certainly multiply, diversify and innovate. In practice, they have not produced the negative social effects that some feared, nor have BIDs made any major public mistakes in recent years (Houstoun, 2003). Several trends reinforcing the relevance of the BID concept to the promotion of the tourism industry can, however, be distinguished (Houstoun, 2003): Hospitality trumps security. In many established BIDs fear of crime has diminished and what were formerly security personnel are increasingly being trained as ambassadors, guides or hosts to provide hospitality functions. In the same way, the focus of BID cleaning programmers has broadened so as to concentrate more on urban design, landscape and general district beautification. Greater experience and growing confidence has lead to a growth in the number of small, and some very small, BIDs. Here the accent is usually placed on promotion and marketing, as well as orchestrating a programme of festival style events delivered by voluntary effort. There is a growing realization that many of the characteristics that make a district a great place to visit – a variety of restaurants, cinemas, nightclubs, bars, cultural facilities, a walk able environment, attractive public places and a feeling of safety – also make it a great place to live. For business, in general, the visitor and residential markets tend to complement each other. 8. Kirkop, Malcolm said that for some retailers the quality of information systems has been improved – enabling a better understanding of variations in performance, better measurement of the remedial effects of initiatives, and improvements in the allocation of resources – and there is value for both head office planners and store managers. However, development and integration of the technology is proving problematic for other retailers – partly arising from the newness of the technology. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 9. Bennison, David et. al. examines that the challenge for urban managers is therefore to preserve and maintain the vitality of the Northern Quarter without destroying its soul. Almost by definition, the archetypal residents and businesses do not seek, let alone conform to, top-down planning and marketing, and are likely to be highly skeptical of it – somewhat ironical or paradoxical given the number of marketing and public relations companies located there. The challenge is that the city’s planners also want to maintain that distinctiveness as much as their inhabitant since the Northern Quarter forms an important element of the wider place product that is Manchester. As the City Council’s guide to visitors states: â€Å"Rising up out of one of city’s most historically rich areas is the Northern Quarter. Now transformed into a busy social and residential area, laden with independent bars, restaurants, cafe? s and shops – the Quarter has a uniqueness and credibility all of its own and attracts the kind of urban soul on the lookout for a bit of individuality and style (w. anchester. gov. uk/visitor centre/areas. htm). 10. Kirkup, Malcolm and Mohammad rafique said that in an increasingly competitive market environment future success for shopping centres will depend on effective management and marketing. Shoppers have a good choice of centres, all of which can meet their needs at a practical level. Centres need t o develop a compelling personality and distinctive position, based on identification of particular strengths within their marketing mix that will appeal to their chosen target market. Our research notes that shopping centres are unique types of service business, challenged and constrained in many areas of the marketing mix as a result of both the nature of the service and traditional philosophies and practices. The marketing mix framework proposed in the paper attempts to reflect this uniqueness and offers a more comprehensive coverage of key dimensions and a useful basis for analysis and management. OBJECTIVES The following objectives have been considered for pursuing the study in hand. Objectives 1. To study the various factors which effects conversion of footfall in retail stores? . To study and analyze the various services provided by retail stores in order to convert their footfalls. 3. To study the behavior of consumers in the store and their priorities at the time of buying. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. faculty journal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 4. To find out the measures to improve the convertibility of footfalls.. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The following methodology have been used for the study in hand Research Design: Exploratory research Sample Size: A Sample size of 100 Sampling technique: The sampling technique has been probabilistic sampling more specifically the simple random sampling Sources of Data: Data collection is based on primary and secondary data Instruments used for collection of data: Questionnaire, interviews, journals Techniques used for analysis: Two way ANOVA and chi-square test for goodness of fit FINDINGS 1. Most of the respondents are visiting retail outlets almost twice in a week. 2. A large number of customers buying all the products available in the store. While some customers are visiting store for a particular section. 3. Most of the customers are saying that retail outlets are not offering wide range of product. 4. Most of the customers are claiming that they do not have their item of choice in the store all the times. 5. Most of the customers shopping in retail outlets due to availability of merchandise at lower prices with convenience. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. om/ ISSN: 2231-0703 6. A large number of customers are favoring the layout and accessibility of items in the store. 7. Most of the customer believe that if the store promises to do something in a particular time, it do so. 8. A large number of customers have faith in the employee of the store. 9. Most of the customer said that store give them individual attention. 10. A large number of customers are advocatin g that the operating hour of store is convenient for them. 11. Most of the customers found complaining about air condition and less effective ambience the stores. Factors Effecting Conversion of Footfalls in a Retail Store Essay Example Factors Effecting Conversion of Footfalls in a Retail Store Essay International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 â€Å"FACTORS AFFECTING CONVERSION OF FOOTFALLS IN RETAIL STORES† Abu Bashar, Assistant Professor, Brown Hills College of Engg Tech. , Faridabad, Haryana, INDIA ABSTRACT In this research paper efforts have been made to explore various factors which affect the behavior of consumers in a retail outlet. A random sample of respondents visiting retail outlets has been considered for the present study. The paper mainly focuses towards various factors which affects the decision of the consumer in the store while they visit there for shopping. So, this research is mainly concerned with the behavior of the consumer and the various factors which are of enormous importance in converting the footfall within the stores. The paper also intends to recommend some feasible and viable strategies to be followed by retail outlets to maximize the percentage of conversion. Keywords: Behaviour, Consumers, Conversion, Factors, Retail, Shopping, Strategies International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 INTRODUCTION It becomes really very difficult for the small retailers and similar formats to compete with hyper marts and malls. The big retailers are putting cut throat competition to them. So, it becomes very important for retailers to gain a deeper insight into retail consumer behavior. The study of consumers helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as how ? We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Effecting Conversion of Footfalls in a Retail Store specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Effecting Conversion of Footfalls in a Retail Store specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Effecting Conversion of Footfalls in a Retail Store specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e. g. , brands, products); ? The the psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e. g. , culture, family, signs, media); ? ? The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions; Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; ? How consumer motivation and decision strategies differ between products that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies to more effectively reach the consumer. Understanding these issues helps us adapt our strategies by taking the consumer into consideration. For example, by understanding that a number of different messages compete for our potential customers’ attention, we learn that to be effective, advertisement s must usually be repeated extensively. We also learn that consumers will sometimes be persuaded more by logical arguments, but at other times will be persuaded more by emotional or symbolic appeals. By understanding the consumer, we will be able to make a more informed decision as to which strategy to employ. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 There are three fundamental patterns which a consumer can follow and they could be: (I) Brand first, retail outlet second (ii) Retail outlet first, brand second (iii) Brand and retail outlet simultaneously. Good customer service is the lifeblood of any business. You can offer promotions and slash prices to bring in as many new customers as you want, but unless you can get some of those customers to come back, your business won’t be profitable for long. Good customer service is all about bringing customers back. And about sending them away happy – happy enough to pass positive feedback about your business along to others, who may then try the product or service you offer for themselves and in their turn become repeat customers if you’re a good salesperson, you can sell anything to anyone once. Besides from the above stated facts the following factors are also very much important for attracting, converting and retaining customers in a particular retail outlet. These factors are being described below. 1. Availability of merchandise in the store 2. Product Quality 3. Product range(both product width and depth) 4. Promotional offers and frequency of schemes. 5. Services (pre, during and post purchase) 6. Pricing as a result of merchandise on offer 7. Ambience of the store International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 8. The empathy factor of the outlet attendant In order to gain deeper insight a thorough investigation of the related literature have been investigated, some of them are given below 1. Lichtle, M. C et al. investigates that it is interesting to notice that the outlet’s characteristics have an impact on value, which, in its turn, has an impact on satisfaction. Our results show what variables are to be privileged if one wishes to give the outlet its utilitarian and/or hedonic value. In the first case, the stress has to be put on product availability. This means that when a retailer, considering her/his product range, wants to confer a utilitarian value to the shopping behaviour all she/he has to do is to make sure that her/his products are easily available and within easy reach. The hedonic value is determined by a combination of several variables: atmosphere, peripheral services, the store’s employees and crowding. Customer satisfaction will thus be indirectly improved. By handling these four variables, the retailer will manage to enhance the hedonic value the consumer attributes to shopping. According to the positioning chosen, a firm will give more emphasis either to the hedonic value or to the utilitarian value, and therefore will act on the most relevant characteristics of the outlet that our study underlined. 2. Malcolm Kirkup and Marylyn Carrigan said that as the public demand for ethical accountability grows, marketers must ensure that their activities match public expectations. Owing to its high visibility and direct contact with the public, marketing research in particular has a duty to conduct its business to the highest ethical standards. As new technology alters the way that research is conducted, there is a challenge to safeguard all the stakeholders involved in the research from unethical behaviour. Observational research is a prime example of a research technique which, while providing a valuable tool in the study of consumer behaviour, raises concerns over individual privacy particularly with the growing sophistication and power of the technology. 3. Jones, peter and David Hillier examined that Current government planning policies affecting retail investment; development and location certainly pose a major set of challenges for the leading retailers and for developers and property companies Sainsburys have argued that being more flexible in their formats allows them to take greater advantage of planning opportunities. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 4. Basso jeo and Randy Hines said that Males from the Midwest reported higher instances of positive shopping experiences at retail stores. They reported that courteous sales associates and attentive managers enhanced the shopping experience. Similarly, females from this part of the country reported higher instances of positive shopping experience. Again, the primary reason for their positive experiences was the courteous nature of the sales associates and the attentiveness of the floor-level management staff. Ten of the 25 respondents reported having negative shopping experiences at retail stores. However, while reasons varied from displeasure with the merchandise to delays in delivery of goods, none of the respondents attributed a negative experience to rude or inattentive sales associates and managers. Of the 18 females, 16 from the East reported having a negative experience at retail shopping centers. The reasons varied among respondents from poor quality merchandise to delays in shipping. However, 11 of the respondents indicated that their negative shopping experiences were the result of inattentive and rude sales associates. Two of the men reported having a negative shopping experience but they based this on the quality of the products they received. Of the eight positive shopping experiences reported by both male and female respondents, all indicated that their experiences directly resulted from an attentive sales associate or receptive management staff 5. Boedkar, Mika said that this should offer an opportunity for retailers to use segmentation and target their offerings, since it has been claimed that retail outlets tend to resemble one another and offer comparable products at comparable prices, thereby losing their individual profile. At the same time, consumer markets are becoming more sharply segmented than ever before. The new-type shoppers should be attracted by an image, one that is congruent with the consumer’s self-image. Since their demands of a retail outlet are rather high in every respect, the basics (e. g. service, price level, product quality and selection) should be considered as well as recreational, experience offering characteristics (e. g. interior design, aroma, care, product shows, and novelties). This kind of image could attract some of the traditional shoppers too, but they can be reached without the addition of recreational characteristics, implying reduced costs in retail outlet design. Without the basics, maybe only purely recreational shoppers could be attracted. Is this then the case in reality? As Rosen bloom points out, congruence between a retail outlet and consumer image is usually â€Å"more a matter of happenstance than a conscious effort to fit the store image to the target markets served by the retailer†. This means that congruence is achieved between retail outlet dimensions and traditional values held by the outlet’s founders or a typical image projected by the retailer’s trade peer group. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 6. Amine, Abdilmajid and Sandrine cadenate examines that product classes proposed in an retail outlet do not contribute equally to the variety of store image and effectiveness from the customers point of view. It also demonstrate the perception of consumer of the overall store assortment, consumers are highly sensitive in selecting range of varieties. 7. Ratcliffe, John and Sheila Flanagan said that BIDs have been tried and tested over time. They are here to stay, and will almost certainly multiply, diversify and innovate. In practice, they have not produced the negative social effects that some feared, nor have BIDs made any major public mistakes in recent years (Houstoun, 2003). Several trends reinforcing the relevance of the BID concept to the promotion of the tourism industry can, however, be distinguished (Houstoun, 2003): Hospitality trumps security. In many established BIDs fear of crime has diminished and what were formerly security personnel are increasingly being trained as ambassadors, guides or hosts to provide hospitality functions. In the same way, the focus of BID cleaning programmers has broadened so as to concentrate more on urban design, landscape and general district beautification. Greater experience and growing confidence has lead to a growth in the number of small, and some very small, BIDs. Here the accent is usually placed on promotion and marketing, as well as orchestrating a programme of festival style events delivered by voluntary effort. There is a growing realization that many of the characteristics that make a district a great place to visit – a variety of restaurants, cinemas, nightclubs, bars, cultural facilities, a walk able environment, attractive public places and a feeling of safety – also make it a great place to live. For business, in general, the visitor and residential markets tend to complement each other. 8. Kirkop, Malcolm said that for some retailers the quality of information systems has been improved – enabling a better understanding of variations in performance, better measurement of the remedial effects of initiatives, and improvements in the allocation of resources – and there is value for both head office planners and store managers. However, development and integration of the technology is proving problematic for other retailers – partly arising from the newness of the technology. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 9. Bennison, David et. al. examines that the challenge for urban managers is therefore to preserve and maintain the vitality of the Northern Quarter without destroying its soul. Almost by definition, the archetypal residents and businesses do not seek, let alone conform to, top-down planning and marketing, and are likely to be highly skeptical of it – somewhat ironical or paradoxical given the number of marketing and public relations companies located there. The challenge is that the city’s planners also want to maintain that distinctiveness as much as their inhabitant since the Northern Quarter forms an important element of the wider place product that is Manchester. As the City Council’s guide to visitors states: â€Å"Rising up out of one of city’s most historically rich areas is the Northern Quarter. Now transformed into a busy social and residential area, laden with independent bars, restaurants, cafe? s and shops – the Quarter has a uniqueness and credibility all of its own and attracts the kind of urban soul on the lookout for a bit of individuality and style (w. anchester. gov. uk/visitor centre/areas. htm). 10. Kirkup, Malcolm and Mohammad rafique said that in an increasingly competitive market environment future success for shopping centres will depend on effective management and marketing. Shoppers have a good choice of centres, all of which can meet their needs at a practical level. Centres need t o develop a compelling personality and distinctive position, based on identification of particular strengths within their marketing mix that will appeal to their chosen target market. Our research notes that shopping centres are unique types of service business, challenged and constrained in many areas of the marketing mix as a result of both the nature of the service and traditional philosophies and practices. The marketing mix framework proposed in the paper attempts to reflect this uniqueness and offers a more comprehensive coverage of key dimensions and a useful basis for analysis and management. OBJECTIVES The following objectives have been considered for pursuing the study in hand. Objectives 1. To study the various factors which effects conversion of footfall in retail stores? . To study and analyze the various services provided by retail stores in order to convert their footfalls. 3. To study the behavior of consumers in the store and their priorities at the time of buying. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. faculty journal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 4. To find out the measures to improve the convertibility of footfalls.. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The following methodology have been used for the study in hand Research Design: Exploratory research Sample Size: A Sample size of 100 Sampling technique: The sampling technique has been probabilistic sampling more specifically the simple random sampling Sources of Data: Data collection is based on primary and secondary data Instruments used for collection of data: Questionnaire, interviews, journals Techniques used for analysis: Two way ANOVA and chi-square test for goodness of fit FINDINGS 1. Most of the respondents are visiting retail outlets almost twice in a week. 2. A large number of customers buying all the products available in the store. While some customers are visiting store for a particular section. 3. Most of the customers are saying that retail outlets are not offering wide range of product. 4. Most of the customers are claiming that they do not have their item of choice in the store all the times. 5. Most of the customers shopping in retail outlets due to availability of merchandise at lower prices with convenience. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 http://www. facultyjournal. om/ ISSN: 2231-0703 6. A large number of customers are favoring the layout and accessibility of items in the store. 7. Most of the customer believe that if the store promises to do something in a particular time, it do so. 8. A large number of customers have faith in the employee of the store. 9. Most of the customer said that store give them individual attention. 10. A large number of customers are advocatin g that the operating hour of store is convenient for them. 11. Most of the customers found complaining about air condition and less effective ambience the stores.

Monday, November 25, 2019

El Dorado essays

El Dorado essays History on the screen has made Hollywood billions of dollars in profits and created some immortal characters, but how often do people come across an animated feature that depicts historic events through the amazing hand drawn and computer generated images? Not very often, thats why DreamWorks took on this challenge. The Road to El Dorado is a thrilling story of an adventure of two con-artists in search for gold and adventure. The movies background originates in Spain in 1519, when conquistador, Cortez, set his galleon to sail to conquer the new world for the glory of Spanish Crown. This is where the two main characters are introduced to the spectator. Tulio and Miguel (Miguel and Tulio) are two swindlers who are wanted by the local authorities for scamming sailors of their positions. Animators do an amazing job recreating the city where the story has its start, and also of the citizens. Guards armor is well detailed, and so are peasants and sailors clothes. Creators of the movie paid great attention to the weapons used during that era, and animated a breathtaking sword fight. Since the story originates in Spain, animators couldnt pass out on the chance of drawing a bull roaming the streets. A very powerful presence of Cortez was build into the story, big man on the horse, ready to enslave the new world. Even on the ship, when the main characters face the man, he condemns them by saying my crew has been as carefully chosen as the disciples of the Christ! which shows how strong of a personality he was. Another challenge that the creators faced was the animation of the El Dorado itself. A city of gold, that so far in history has only been a myth, caused some doubt in the production. DreamWorks crew went down to Mexico, to the Yucatan Peninsula to research ancient native civilizations and to get some clue of what El Dorado could look like. They took numerous tours around the ruins of ...

Friday, November 22, 2019

What Makes You Happy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What Makes You Happy - Essay Example And out of goodwill or by habit, we actually wish one another happiness. What are the criteria of happiness? By what standards are we said to be happy? What is the road to happiness? The criteria against which we benchmark our own or another’s happiness are normative and descriptive of our condition of being. These may be physical, social, economic, and even spiritual. By these same standards we gauge our level of attainment of happiness. Now, the road to happiness is presumably that which we reasonably have to pass – to the point that it becomes something off the beaten path. But what is this thing called happiness? Philosophers have counseled us for centuries, if not for millennia, about the nature of happiness, and how it is the singular goal of human life. Meaning to say, happiness is the life proper to man. Moreover, different ethical theories are significantly theories of happiness or rational attempts to know what truly completes the human person. Briefly, we can cite that happiness is both at the same time a state of wellbeing characterized by goals achieved and a positive attitude towards change. Describing happiness as wellbeing affirms the necessary orientation towards personal integration. It is when we see ourselves connected with others, especially with something larger than our own interests like God, country, family, etc., can we say we are happy. Personal integration therefore is all about discovering our place and role in the scheme of things within which we realize our life’s purpose. Thus, happiness is wholeness of life. But can we be assured of happiness in the light of the evolving times? Is happiness still possible at a time when most often people explicitly complain from distress and burnout? That â€Å"human anguish in modern minds is tethered to the events that would have caused fitness failure in ancestral times,† (Buss, 2000), is one observation that illustrates happiness as fundamentally an experience of wholeness in the light of environmental change. Accordingly, our concept of happiness must be adequately molded by an evolutionary perspective. Evolution is a creative process. It is the way of the universe and of everything involved in it, including us human beings. As human beings ourselves we are part of the evolving process that leads to the fulfillment of our destiny resulting in our happiness. Thus, if happiness is every human being’s goal, he must be willing to understand the evolution it has undergone. By adopting an evolutionary mindset we can appreciate and benefit from the evolution of happiness. The Darwinian model of evolution has been expanded to include not only biological species but also social, cultural, and organizational realities. Everything is undergoing important transformations to achieve its designed wholeness. Evolution teaches us a painful but an important lesson: the inevitability of change. As Charles Darwin (1958, 444) eloquently expresses it: â €Å"Whoever is led to believe that species are mutable will do good service by consciously expressing his conviction.† In other words, the sooner we accept to live by this reality of evolution, the better for us. As humans we adapt to survive, that is, to be happy. Indeed, happiness is a function of our capacity for meaningful adaptation. Our failure in this life-altering human condition causes unhappiness. However, it is the same process of evolution that equips us with built-in psychological apparatus to help us deal with unhappiness and eventually to achieve happiness. With happiness as the end of human existence, anything else like pleasure, power, and wealth becomes nothing but a condition of attaining it. In other words, in view of happiness which man seeks he inevitably engages in the satisfaction he derives from such things. What is

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

MUSIC REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MUSIC REPORT - Essay Example The music starts soft, with strings ushering in soft music and later on would crescendo into a complete expression of his love for Cosima. The events in Wagner’s life prompted the composition of the Idyll, a piece that remains to be one of his greatest masterpieces to this day! Upon listening to the music, the notes take a relaxing mood, moving into a sweet caress of the notes. In the later part of the Idyll, the notes become more melancholic, more serious, bringing the mood back to reality, reflecting Wagner’s struggle throughout his career. However, this struggle was lifted and made lighter by Cosima, whom Wagner referred to as his eternal support. Sigfried Idyll reflects Wagner’s romantic nature, as recounted, he held Cosima’s hands, â€Å"and she was beside him as he wrote down the last notes for the full orchestral score of Sigfried†. This brilliant composition is a very good expression of love and life – a balance of feeling blessed, an d struggles one continuously face. Another brilliant composer, whose work remains popular up to this day, is Ludwig Van Beethoven, a German composer and pianist. Beethoven’s Piano Concerto No. 1 in C Major, Op. 15 was written between 1796 and 1797, and was played for the first time in Prague, in 1798, by Beethoven himself. Piano Concerto No. 1 in C Major generally has an upbeat melody, with a faint melancholic transition in the middle, and then rising once again into its upbeat spirit. This piece combines dramatic classical style of lively contrasts and symmetrical forms. With the forceful nature of Beethoven’s music, he gave voice to the new current of subjectivism and individualism which emerged at the coming around of the French revolution, as well as the rise of the middle class. In listening to this piece, Beethoven conveys the message of freedom and equality as the notes â€Å"demand† and â€Å"protest† with its forceful, rhythmic patterns. Piano concerto No. 1 in C Major certainly

Monday, November 18, 2019

Venezuela under Hugo Chavez Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Venezuela under Hugo Chavez - Essay Example He directed the movement in an unproductive coup overthrow against the Democratic Action government of Carlos Andrà ©s Pà ©rez, who was the president in 1992. This led to the imprisonment of Hugo Rafael Chà ¡vez Frà ­as (Feinberg, 1). Later on, after he was released, he formed a socialist political party two years later, it was called the Fifth Republic Movement, and he was voted president of Venezuela in 1998. In 2000, he was re-elected and during this second term he presented the system of communal groups, Bolivarian Missions, and employee-managed companies, along with a land reform program, which was municipalizing main industries. In 2006, he was re-elected again with more than 60% of the votes. After emerging victorious in his fourth tenure as president in October 2012, defeating Henrique Capriles, Hugo Rafael Chà ¡vez Frà ­as was sworn on 10th January 2013. However, the Venezuela National Assembly decided to postpone the inaugural ceremony to give him time to enable him r ecuperate from medical treatment in Cuba, which resulted from a cancer return that was initially identified in June 2011. On 5th March 2013, Hugo Rafael Chà ¡vez Frà ­as passed away in Caracas at 58 years. During the duration Venezuela was under Hugo Chà ¡vez, it was not a democratic country, though Chà ¡vez was not a dictator, he crushed the democracy of the Venezuelan nation. In a period when South America was swiftly moving towards the far-left demagoguery from its ancient binaries of far-right, Chà ¡vez was still holding Venezuela back in the past, both politically and economically. Under the decade of Chà ¡vez, while other nations like Peru and Brazil became representations of equality and success, Venezuela appeared to go back to the bad ancient days. It is true that the polls were usually well-conducted and fair under his regime. He even freely accepted defeat in one.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Customer Behaviour Analysis in Sportswear Industry

Customer Behaviour Analysis in Sportswear Industry In the world we live today, businesses and top companies have to understand what their companies have to offer to their customer and they have to understand the needs of the consumers in their markets. Consumer behavior is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations. The way customer buys their product and the ways they select their particular products in Singapore. (Customer behavior, 2010) Sportswear market is one of the leading markets in the world and the biggest players in the sports wear are Nike and Adidas these are the biggest market leaders in the world for the creativity and the sports equipments they have to offer to the people. Singapore is a very diverse country with different ethnic backgrounds from places live in Singapore as this is sports loving country as the Youth Olympics were held in Singapore in August 2010, as is the one of the biggest target market for the sports equipments as the people of Singapore are sports loving people. Singapore is one of the famous tourist destinations in the world famous for shopping, tourist destination, Santosa beach, and two newly opened Casinos The Customer behavior of visitors on sportswear in Singapore is mostly influenced by social, cultural, personal and Psychological factors. (Kotler, Armstrong, Yau Hon Ming, 2009) Consumer behavior is affected by many diverse factors for example, what influences you before you buy a product or service? Your friends, your raising, your culture, the media, a role model or influences from certain groups. (Learn Marketing, 2010) On a more personal level, I have always had a deep interest in trying to understand how other people think and what makes them behave in the way that they do. I feel that in doing this we come more rapidly to understand our own individual ways and patterns of thought and ways of behavior. Singapore market is growing rapidly as they have recovered from the economic crisis and the people of Singapore are purchasing the products as they are being influenced as their spending power is more than before as the economy of the country is recovered and Singapore is attracting lots of visitors to Singapore for shopping, Casinos, Travel and leisure. This gives the opportunity to the sports accessories companies a better target market to occupy and generate ways of attracting their target customer. 1.1 Objectives of the Research The main objectives of this research is to understand the factors that are affecting the customer behavior and the way they act while purchasing the product and these factors helps the sportswear companies to know and to understand and predict buying behavior of consumers in the market place and what are the trends, behavior of the customer and the way they buy products in the market, from a sporting wear like Manchester United Jersey to a Football shoes or jogging shoes, it is concerned not only with what consumers buy, but also with why they buy it, when and where and how they buy it. (Himansu. S. M, 2008) Sportswear market is growing in Singapore as the tourism industry is growing rapidly as it is attracting lots of visitors to Singapore. However, a sporting culture in Singapore and the passion for sports excellence and a vast business plan have the potential to produce results well beyond our dreams. The timing is excellent as it has never been before and for the customers and companies active in Singapores sports scene. (Kotler and keller, 2009). The sports market in Asia Pacific is booming. The total value of the market should reach $17 billion in 2009, according to a global study by an independent management consulting firm. (Sports Industry, 2009) The factors that influence the customer behavior are Role, Status and Age Lifestyle Personality and attitude We have to understand how these factors play an important role in influencing the customer buying behavior towards buying sports equipments in Singapore. There is big change in the number of visitors coming to Singapore from couple of years and the Singapore market is booming as the figures show there is vast change in the number of visitors coming to Singapore from the year 2007 to 2010. Figure 1,2,3 Visitor arrive in Singapore 2007 to 2010C:UsersDickeyDesktopSnag itVisitordec 07,dec08.pngC:UsersDickeyDesktopSnag itVisitor10-23-2010 2-22-36 PM.png C:UsersDickeyDesktopSnag itjuly 2010 visitors.png Source: STB, 2010 Research focus The focus of this research is to understand how Role, Status, Age, Lifestyle and Personality and Attitude of an individual and how it plays an important role on buyer mood, conditions that affect the customer behavior when they are purchasing a sportswear product. The reason for coming out with a model is that this gives us an understanding how the visitors in Singapore behave when they are buying sportswear and this will help us to understand the customers better and how they react and what are the factors that influence the consumer behavior of visitors on sportswear in Singapore. According to the research we have derived on this that most of the visitors coming to Singapore are for shopping purpose and travelling purpose. As shown below for several years. Fig 4, (Major Expenditure Items for 2008) Fig 5 Major Expenditure Items for 2004-08) For the year 2008 Source: STB, 2010 Fig 1C:UsersDickeyDesktopSnag it2008expenses.png For the year 2004-08 Source: STB, 2010 Fig 2 C:UsersDickeyDesktopSnag it20082004.2008.png Fig: 6 Major Expenditure Items for 2007 Source: (STB, 2010) C:UsersDickeyDesktopSnag it2007 travelling ppl.png Figure 7 Shopping items purchased. Source: (STB 2010) C:UsersDickeyDesktopSnag it2006.2007 shopping lists.pngC:UsersDickeyDesktopSnag itshopping.png Research questions In this report we have to invest the characteristics that affect the consumer behavior when they are buying a sports accessories product and how these characteristics play the important role in consumer behavior. How the role, status and age of an individual affect on consumer behavior. How does lifestyle of an individual affect on consumer behavior. How does personality and attitude of an individual affect on consumer behavior. Value of the research This research will give us the understanding how the consumer behave when they are buying a sportswear product and this will help the practitioner to understand how the consumer reacts and what are the factors that influences him to buy a product. The study of consumer behavior is the study where are going to learn how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources. Chapter 2 Literature review The purpose of literature review is to make sure that we analyze all the characteristics that play an important role in affecting the consumer behavior. The purpose of the literature review is to select promising measure, methods (Mamchak and Mamchak, 1994). Identify and highlight the important variables and document the significant results of earlier research that will serve as the basis on which the theoretical framework of the investigation can be built and the hypothesis developed (Sekaran, 2003). Based on the research objectives, the researcher will provide relevant concepts in the review of current literature in this chapter. Consumer behavior is the way a person reacts to purchase products and there are several factors that affect the consumer behavior they are 2.1 Role, status and age All of us hold positions within groups, organizations and institutions. Associated with each position there is an important role to play, there are set of activities a person in particular position is supposed to perform based on expectations of both individual and surrounding people, because a person can occupy different roles for example role of a son, husband, father, mother, church priest, employee, and student. There are multiple set of expectations which are placed on an individual person so this affects the consumer behavior. (Pride and Ferrell, 2007) An individual role influences the buying behavior, the demand of a persons many roles may be diverse and inconsistent. Considering the various types of sports accessories that may an individual buy and wear will be depending on whether you are sporting which type of sports or what type of sports accessories an individual may like, and others involved in these types of setting and environment has expectations what is acceptable accessories for the purpose. The expectations of those consumers may affect the purchase of those sports accessories and products. (Pride and Ferrell, 2007) Consumers usually choose sportswear products appropriate to their roles and status. Considering the various roles a working mother plays. In her company she plays an important role of a brand manager of Nike or Adidas she would be wearing mostly sportswear but on the other hand a working mother working in a bank she would be wearing uniform. So we have to understand the role and status of an individual and these factors play a vast role in consumer behavior. As she may be fan of a sporting event as she would be wearing her favorite sports accessories as she plays a role of avid fan. As a brand manager of Sports Company she will buy the kind of clothes that reflects her role and status in her company. People buy different goods and services over their lifetime. They wear different kinds of clothes and eat different food in the early years, most. Peoples taste in clothes is age related the youngster nowadays like to wear sportswear clothes as they prefer to have sporting looks. Age plays an important role on consumer behavior as consumer needs and wants change with age. Sportswear companies offer different types of clothes for all ages and they are also youth oriented. Such as Michael Jordan shoes and jersey will attract young kids in the market who would like to relate themselves as Michael Jordan fans. The taste for sportswear items is different between the youngsters and the mature people. Mature people tend to buy less sporty looking wear and more comfortable clothes. 2.2 Lifestyle Lifestyle is a popular concept for understanding consumer behavior because its more contemporary than personality and values and lifestyle is a persons pattern of living as expressed in her or his psychographics. It involves measuring consumers major activities which an individual do such as hobbies, sports, shopping, social events, interests, fashion, family and opinions about themselves. Lifestyle captures something more than a consumers social class or personality. It helps a persons whole pattern of acting and interacting in the world. (Kotler, Armstrong, Ang, Leong, Tan, 2009) Lifestyles have a strong impact on many aspects of consumer behavior process, from problem recognition to purchase stage. Lifestyle influences consumers product needs, brand preferences, type of media used and how, when and where they shop. Lifestyle of an individual person plays a vast role in consumer behavior. (Pride and Ferrell, 2007) As we have understand that lifestyle refers to the pattern of consumption reflecting to a person choice on how he or she will spend money, but in some cases it refers to the attitude and values attached to these pattern. Every consumer has a different lifestyle and they all behave according to their lifestyle and this affects on the consumer behavior. Ones choice on sporting accessories would identify a person lifestyle and what are his preferences and the sports accessories an individual wears makes a statement about who the one is and the type of people he wishes to be identified as and the other people who are keeping some distance. (Solomon, Bamossy, Askegaard Hogg, 2006) 2.3 Personality and Attitude Personality is a set of internal traits and different behavioral tendencies that result in consistent pattern of behavior in certain situations. An individual personality comes from hereditary characteristics and personal experience that makes a person unique. Personality is described to be having one or more characteristics such as ambition, authoritarianism, competitiveness and dogmatism. Personality of an individual person plays a major role in consumer behavior as he or she has its own ambition or characteristics. (Pride and Ferrell, 2007) Everyone is different just look at fingerprint, so every individual personality is different, personality has many meaning, according to consumer behavior it is defined as a rapid response to environmental stimuli, it is an individual unique psychological makeup, which consistently influences how a person responds to his environment. For example why do some people like to go movies and other people love buying sports accessories or attend sports event it all depends upon an individual personality. (Blackwell, Souza, Teghian, Miniard Engel, 2006) Every person has personality as every personality reflects individual differences, enduring and a personality can change. Under certain circumstances a personality changes such as childs birth, Nike withdraw the sponsorship that may change your personality to buy Adidas sports accessories, career promotion all such kind of things can change a human personality and this significantly affects the consumer behavior. (Schiffman, Lazarkamk, Hasan, 2007) Personality is considered the main force behind consumer decision making. Personality refers to a persons behavior or reply to recurring situations. Personality plays an important role when it comes to consumer behavior of any sorts, especially if it involves consumer buying process. An individuals personality has become very significant now days when it comes to making decisions while buying. It holds different meaning accordingly to the consumers tastes, preferences and personality. (Knight, 2009) An attitude is an individual enduring evaluation, feeling about and behavioral tendencies towards a product or idea. For example he have attitude for politics, music, sports and sports accessories we wear, football team we support. Although attitudes can change, they tend to remain stable and not vary from moment to moment. As attitudes put people into frame work of mind of liking or disliking things, as attitude is difficult to change. Person attitudes fit into the pattern and to change one attitude may require difficult adjustments in many others. However all of a persons attitudes do not have equal impact at one time, some are stronger than other and this plays an important when they are buying a sports accessories product. Individuals acquire attitudes through experience and interaction with other people. (Pride and Ferrell, 2007) Attitude of an individual people or group of people always affect the consumer behavior and for example one group of individual with same attitude are diehard fan of a football team and they are highly committed to their team and they have love for the game and if the sponsoring company are providing the sportswear of that team, the people with all the same attitude will buy the same product as the players are wearing. This will affect the consumer behavior and the sports companies should provide better sports accessories for the diehard fans as they all have the same attitude towards a same idea. (Solomon, Dann, Susan Bennett, 2009) So far the consumer attitude has big influence on consumer behavior such as whether you like a product or dislike a product such as do u like Coca Cola or not, do u like Nike and Adidas sports accessories or not. Theoretical framework Based on the theoretical framework the theoretical framework is there to test the validity of an existing theory. It is easier t understand the theoretical framework if it is viewed as the answers to the collected interrelated concepts. Role, Status Age Consumer Behavior Lifestyle Personality Attitude Independent Variable Dependent Variable Hypothesis Development Hypothesis development is necessary as it shows a relationship between two or more variables expressed in the form of testable statement. (Sekaran, 2003: pg 103). Based on the research topic the final indepdent variable and dependant variable are as follows. First Independent variable is Role, Status and Age which is IV1 Second Independent variable is Lifestyle which is IV2 Third Independent variable is Personality and Attitude which is IV3 Consumer Behavior is Dependent Variable which is addressed as DV Hypothesis development is there by confirming or rejecting hypothesis, it is expected that solutions can be found to correct the problem encountered. (Theoretical-Framework-and-Hypothesis-Development, 2010) Null Hypothesis Addressed by: = 0 Finding: There is no relationship between the IVs and DV The null hypotheses represent that the independent variable (IVs) and do not have any effect on the outcome of Dependent Variable DV. Table of Null Hypotheses H1 = Hypothesis 1. Role and Status H2 = Hypothesis 2. Lifestyle H3 = Hypothesis 3. Personality and Attitude = 0 => = Ho H1= Ho There is no significant effect of Role and Status on Consumer Behavior H2= Ho There is no significant effect of Lifestyle on Consumer Behavior H3= Ho There is no significant effect of Personality and Attitude on Consumer Behavior Alternative Hypothesis Addressed by: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 meaning that à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   Ho In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis are put forward. If the data are sufficiently strong to reject the null hypothesis, then the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of an alternative hypothesis. Alternative hypothesis is a constructed hypothesis which the results are examined against the prediction of null hypothesis. In general the null statement is expressed as no relationship between two variables or no difference between two groups.  The alternate hypothesis  which is the opposite of the null is a statement expressing a relationship between two variables or indicating differences between groups. (Sekaran Bougie, 2003) Procedure: There is either negative or positive relationship between the IVs and DV. The alternative hypotheses represent that the outcomes are different from zero; in particular, it could be positive or negative. As a result, IVs positively relate to the DV if alternative hypotheses greater than zero and negatively relate to the DV if alternative hypotheses lesser than zero. To find out how significant IVs positively or negatively relate to DV, Alternative Hypotheses are measured. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 => à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   Ho H1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   Ho There is either positive or negative effect of Role and status on Consumer Behavior H2à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   Ho There is either positive or negative effect of Lifestyle on Consumer Behavior H3à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   Ho There is either positive or negative effect of Personality and Attitude on Consumer Behavior Research Design The main aim of this research is to conduct a descriptive study and a correlation study. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe what exists with respect to variables or conditions in a situation. The methods involved range from the survey which describes the status, the correlation study which investigates the relationship between variables, to developmental studies which seek to determine changes over time. (Key, 1997) In this research the researcher wants to relate the independent variables and the dependent variables. Descriptive study and a correlation study would help in identifying the information, design a procedure to gather the information and analyze the information with the help of the IVs and DV. 3.1 Research Methodologies In order to collect the data for my research it is necessary to get an understanding of the data collection methods. There are many research methods but according to the topic nature we are doing a qualitative study. Qualitative research is unstructured exploratory in nature based on small samples and may utilize popular qualitative techniques such as group interviews, word association asking respondents to indicate their first responses to stimulus words and interviews (Malhotra, 2007) 3.2 Data Collection Methods According to the research design we are going to the following methods Secondary Data: Secondary data are the existing sources which were produced by earlier researchers for some specific purposes. According to the research topic we are using secondary data collections ways as it is from existing sources. (Blaxter et al, 2001) Primary Data: Primary data are original information collected by researchers to fulfill numerous purposes of research. The investigators could collect primary data by using various methods such as direct interviews, interviews through telephone, questionnaires, observations and others. (Macneill and Chapman, 2005) In this research, secondary data will be collected through magazines, journals, newspaper reports, company manuals, and brochures. 3.3 Data Collection Methods In this research, the researcher uses a questionnaire to gather data due to questionnaire is an effective data collection mechanism when the researcher knows exactly what is required and how to measure the variables of interest (Sekaran, 2003). Data would be collected through magazines, journals, newspaper reports, and brochures. To capture data, questionnaires are designed accordingly to specific information needed. In order to be precise, the question will be set as simple as possible. The number of question is small and the words are simplified. Before the questionnaire is practiced, they should be pre-tested to see how it works and improved if there is any mistake. 3.4 Data analysis The researcher needs an effective data analysis tool to examine the chosen hypothesis at the beginning step. SPSS which stands for Statistics Package of Social Science is considered the best method in statistical analysis. This software allows researchers to enhance their perception of the data and interpretation of the output. (Weinberg and Abramowitz, 2002) The main jobs of researcher are to decide the needed variables before entering the input to the software, to select correct statistical tests to analyze data and to interpret the final output results. (Bryman and Bell, 2007) 3.5 Pilot-Testing The purpose of doing pilot testing is to detect weaknesses in design and content in the instrument before it is reach final steps. (Fink, 2003), 12 peoples are required to be tested. The pilot tested should monitor the ease with which respondents complete the questionnaire, and also the ease with respondents to complete the questionnaire (Fink, 2003). 4 Ethical issues While conducting survey and interview for the research, the researcher should consider the code of ethical issue. The major responsibility of the researcher is to inform clearly and accurately the surveys purpose and content to respondents so that they can make decision whether they wish to participate. The researcher should also show the respect to the participants by keeping their answers confidential based on the guidelines of the university. Furthermore researcher need to guarantee the data must be used only for this particular report. Schedule No Content Month Oct Nov 2010 Dec Jan 2010 Feb Mar 2010 Week 1,2 3,4 1,2 1,2 1,2 3,4 1,2 3,4 1,2 3,4 1,2 1 Problem Identification 2 Literature Review 3 Research Design 4 Choice of Methodology 5 Data Sources 6 Data Collection 7 Data Analysis 8 Writing up Draft 9 Editing 10 Final Document 11 Binding of Document Table 1 below presents a detailed dissertation schedule to ensure that the research work